Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rudāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) (from which also *raudaz).[1]

Verb

*rudāną

  1. to redden (to become red)

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rudō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *rudaisi ? *rudai *rudāsai ?
3rd singular *rudaiþi ? *rudāþau *rudāþai ?
1st dual *rudōs ? — — —
2nd dual *rudāþiz ? *rudāþiz — —
1st plural *rudāmaz ? — *rudānþai ?
2nd plural *rudaiþ ? *rudaiþ *rudānþai ?
3rd plural *rudānþi ? *rudānþau *rudānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rudadǭ *rudadēdį̄
2nd singular *rudadēz *rudadēdīz
3rd singular *rudadē *rudadēdī
1st dual *rudadēdū *rudadēdīw
2nd dual *rudadēdudiz *rudadēdīdiz
1st plural *rudadēdum *rudadēdīm
2nd plural *rudadēdud *rudadēdīd
3rd plural *rudadēdun *rudadēdīn
present past
participles *rudāndz *rudadaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *rodēn, *rudēn
    • Old English: rudian
    • Old Saxon: *rodōn
    • Old Dutch: *rodon
    • Old High German: rotēn
  • Old Norse: roða

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rudēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416
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