Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raudaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrɑu̯.ðɑz/

Adjective

*raudaz (comparative *raudōzô, superlative *raudōstaz)

red

Inflection

Declension of *raudaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*raudaz	*raudō	*raudą, -atō	*raudai	*raudôz	*raudō
accusative	*raudanǭ	*raudǭ	*raudą, -atō	*raudanz	*raudōz	*raudō
genitive	*raudas, -is	*raudaizōz	*raudas, -is	*raudaizǫ̂	*raudaizǫ̂	*raudaizǫ̂
dative	*raudammai	*raudaizōi	*raudammai	*raudaimaz	*raudaimaz	*raudaimaz
instrumental	*raudanō	*raudaizō	*raudanō	*raudaimiz	*raudaimiz	*raudaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*raudô	*raudǭ	*raudô	*raudaniz	*raudōniz	*raudōnō
accusative	*raudanų	*raudōnų	*raudô	*raudanunz	*raudōnunz	*raudōnō
genitive	*raudiniz	*raudōniz	*raudiniz	*raudanǫ̂	*raudōnǫ̂	*raudanǫ̂
dative	*raudini	*raudōni	*raudini	*raudammaz	*raudōmaz	*raudammaz
instrumental	*raudinē	*raudōnē	*raudinē	*raudammiz	*raudōmiz	*raudammiz

Derived terms

*blōþaraudaz
*raudijaną

Related terms

*rudāną
*rudmô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *raud

Old English: rēad
- Middle English: red, redde, reed, read, ræd
  - English: red
  - Scots: rede, reid
  - Yola: reed
Old Frisian: rād
- North Frisian:
  Föhr-Amrum: ruad
  Goesharde: ruud
  Halligen: ruad
  Heligoland: rooad
  Mooring: rüüdj
  Sylt: ruar
  Wiedingharde: ruuid
- Saterland Frisian: rood
- West Frisian: read
Old Saxon: rōd
- Middle Low German: rōt
  - Low German: rod
    - German Low German: root
      Hamburgisch: rod
      Westphalian
      Sauerländisch: räod, raud, reyet, rout, rōet
      Westmünsterländisch: root
    - Plautdietsch: root
- Old Dutch: rōt
  - Middle Dutch: rôot
    - Dutch: rood
      - Afrikaans: rooi
      - Jersey Dutch: rôi
      - Negerhollands: rooi, ro, roo, rood
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: aro
    - Limburgish: roead
- Old High German: rōt
  - Middle High German: rōt
    - Alemannic German: rot, rout, ruat, ròt, röts (Italian Walser)
    - Central Franconian: rut, rot
      Kirchröadsj Ripuarian: roeëd
    - German: rot
    - Hunsrik: rod
    - Luxembourgish: rout
    - Mòcheno: roat
    - Pennsylvania German: rot
    - Vilamovian: rut
    - Yiddish: רויט (royt)
Old Norse: rauðr
- Icelandic: rauður
- Faroese: reyður
- Norn: rø
- Norwegian Nynorsk: raud; (dialectal) raud’u, raud’e
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: raud-
- Norwegian: (dialectal) raug, rauv, rå
- Elfdalian: roð
- Old Swedish: rø̄þer
  - Swedish: röd
- Danish: rød
  - Norwegian Bokmål: rød
- Gutnish: raudar, raudår, raudur
Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs)
- → Galician: ruán
- → Portuguese: ruão
- → Spanish: roano
→? Proto-Finnic: *rauta (see there for further descendants)
→? Proto-Samic: *ruovtē (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rauda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rauda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406

[1]

blaikaz, blankaz, hwītaz, blasaz	falwaz, grēwaz, haswaz, grīsaz, *hairaz	blakaz, swartaz
*raudaz	brūnaz, erpaz, *dusnaz	gelwaz, gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	blēwaz, hēwijaz
blēwaz, hēwijaz	*baswaz