Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣu.lɑz/

Adjective

*gulaz

  1. (North Germanic) yellow

Inflection

Declension of *gulaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *gulaz *gulō *gulą, -atō *gulai *gulôz *gulō
accusative *gulanǭ *gulǭ *gulą, -atō *gulanz *gulōz *gulō
genitive *gulas, -is *gulaizōz *gulas, -is *gulaizǫ̂ *gulaizǫ̂ *gulaizǫ̂
dative *gulammai *gulaizōi *gulammai *gulaimaz *gulaimaz *gulaimaz
instrumental *gulanō *gulaizō *gulanō *gulaimiz *gulaimiz *gulaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *gulô *gulǭ *gulô *gulaniz *gulōniz *gulōnō
accusative *gulanų *gulōnų *gulô *gulanunz *gulōnunz *gulōnō
genitive *guliniz *gulōniz *guliniz *gulanǫ̂ *gulōnǫ̂ *gulanǫ̂
dative *gulini *gulōni *gulini *gulammaz *gulōmaz *gulammaz
instrumental *gulinē *gulōnē *gulinē *gulammiz *gulōmiz *gulammiz

Synonyms

Descendants

  • Old Norse: gulr
    • Icelandic: gulur
    • Faroese: gulur
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: gul, (dialectal) gul’u, gul’e
    • Norwegian Bokmål: gul
    • Old Swedish: gul, gol
      • Swedish: gul, (dialectal) gål
    • Old Danish: guul
    • → Middle English: gul, gull, gulle, gule, goule, goole
      • ⇒ Scots: golgrav

See also

Colors in Proto-Germanic · *farwôz (layout · text)
     *blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz      *falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz      *blakaz, *swartaz
             *raudaz              *brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz              *gelwaz, *gulaz
             *grōniz              *grōniz             
                          *blēwaz              *blēwaz, *hēwijaz
             *blēwaz, *hēwijaz              *baswaz             

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gelwa- ~ *gulu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 174

Further reading

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