Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/erpaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *erppaz, earlier *h₁erbʰnós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erbʰ- (“brown”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρφνός (orphnós, “dark brown”) (< o-grade *h₁orbʰnós), as well as Proto-Slavic *rębъ (“speckled, spotted”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈer.pɑz/

Adjective

*erpaz

light brown, brown
(West Germanic) dark brown, maroon

Inflection

Declension of *erpaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*erpaz	*erpō	*erpą, -atō	*erpai	*erpôz	*erpō
accusative	*erpanǭ	*erpǭ	*erpą, -atō	*erpanz	*erpōz	*erpō
genitive	*erpas, -is	*erpaizōz	*erpas, -is	*erpaizǫ̂	*erpaizǫ̂	*erpaizǫ̂
dative	*erpammai	*erpaizōi	*erpammai	*erpaimaz	*erpaimaz	*erpaimaz
instrumental	*erpanō	*erpaizō	*erpanō	*erpaimiz	*erpaimiz	*erpaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*erpô	*erpǭ	*erpô	*erpaniz	*erpōniz	*erpōnō
accusative	*erpanų	*erpōnų	*erpô	*erpanunz	*erpōnunz	*erpōnō
genitive	*erpiniz	*erpōniz	*erpiniz	*erpanǫ̂	*erpōnǫ̂	*erpanǫ̂
dative	*erpini	*erpōni	*erpini	*erpammaz	*erpōmaz	*erpammaz
instrumental	*erpinē	*erpōnē	*erpinē	*erpammiz	*erpōmiz	*erpammiz

Derived terms

*erpô
*irpijǭ

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *erp
- Old English: eorp, earp
- Old Saxon: *erp
  - ⇒? Middle Low German: erpel (alternatively borrowed from Middle Dutch)
    - → German: Erpel
- Old Dutch: *erp
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: erpel
    - Dutch: erpel
    - →? Middle Low German: erpel (alternatively from Old Saxon)
      - → German: Erpel
  - ⇒ Old Dutch: Erpo (given name)
    - Middle Dutch: Erpe
  - ⇒ Old Dutch: Erpapa (multiple placenames)
    - Middle Dutch: Erpe
      - Dutch: Erpe, Erp
- Old High German: erpf
Old Norse: jarpr, definite jarpi m (“the brown one; the hazel grouse”)
- Icelandic: jarpur
- Faroese: jarpur
- Swedish: järpe c (“hazel grouse”)
- Norwegian: jerpe m or f (“hazel grouse”)
  - → Danish: hjerpe, jærpe c (“hazel grouse”)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*erpa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 118

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*erpa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 118

[1]

blaikaz, blankaz, hwītaz, blasaz	falwaz, grēwaz, haswaz, grīsaz, *hairaz	blakaz, swartaz
*raudaz	brūnaz, erpaz, *dusnaz	gelwaz, gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	blēwaz, hēwijaz
blēwaz, hēwijaz	*baswaz