Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/falwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *polHwós (“pale, gray”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelH-. Cognate with Latin pullus (“dark, dusky”), Ancient Greek πολιός (poliós, “gray”) and πελιός (peliós, “dark, dull”), and Proto-Balto-Slavic *palwas (“pale (yellow)”) (e.g. Lithuanian pal̃vas (“pale, straw-colored”)).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸɑl.wɑz/

Adjective

*falwaz

pale, gray, fallow

Inflection

Declension of *falwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*falwaz	*falwō	*falwą, -atō	*falwai	*falwôz	*falwō
accusative	*falwanǭ	*falwǭ	*falwą, -atō	*falwanz	*falwōz	*falwō
genitive	*falwas, -is	*falwaizōz	*falwas, -is	*falwaizǫ̂	*falwaizǫ̂	*falwaizǫ̂
dative	*falwammai	*falwaizōi	*falwammai	*falwaimaz	*falwaimaz	*falwaimaz
instrumental	*falwanō	*falwaizō	*falwanō	*falwaimiz	*falwaimiz	*falwaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*falwô	*falwǭ	*falwô	*falwaniz	*falwōniz	*falwōnō
accusative	*falwanų	*falwōnų	*falwô	*falwanunz	*falwōnunz	*falwōnō
genitive	*falwiniz	*falwōniz	*falwiniz	*falwanǫ̂	*falwōnǫ̂	*falwanǫ̂
dative	*falwini	*falwōni	*falwini	*falwammaz	*falwōmaz	*falwammaz
instrumental	*falwinē	*falwōnē	*falwinē	*falwammiz	*falwōmiz	*falwammiz

Descendants

Old English: fealu
- Middle English: falwe, falewe, falow
  - English: fallow
  - Scots: fallow, fallaw, fellow, follow
Old Frisian: *falo, *falu
- Saterland Frisian: foal
- West Frisian: feal
Old Saxon: falu
- Middle Low German: fāle, vāle, fāl, vāl
  - German Low German: fahl
- ⇒ Middle Low German: falwisch
Frankish: *falu (stem: *falwa-)
- Old Dutch: *falo
  - Middle Dutch: vāle
    - Dutch: vaal
      - Afrikaans: vaal
    - Limburgish: vaal
- → Medieval Latin: falvus (see there for further descendants)
Old High German: falo
- Middle High German: val (stem valw-)
  - German: fahl, falb
Old Norse: fǫlr (stem fǫlv-)
- Icelandic: fölur
- Faroese: følin
- Old Swedish:
  - Swedish: fal
⇒ Suevic: *falwiska
- → Galician: faísca (“spark; dandruff”)
- → Portuguese: faísca (“spark”)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 126

blaikaz, blankaz, hwītaz, blasaz	falwaz, grēwaz, haswaz, grīsaz, *hairaz	blakaz, swartaz
*raudaz	brūnaz, erpaz, *dusnaz	gelwaz, gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	blēwaz, hēwijaz
blēwaz, hēwijaz	*baswaz