gul

See also: Appendix:Variations of "gul"

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Gullah.

Symbol

gul

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Gullah.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Gullah terms

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower”).

Noun

gul (plural guls)

  1. Any medallionlike design on a Central or West Asian rug.

Anagrams

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH-; cognate with English callow, Serbo-Croatian gol, Latvian gāle (“sheet of ice, black ice”).[1] Possibly related to ngul.

Adjective

gul (feminine gule)

  1. (Arbëresh) hornless

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “gul”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 126

Aleut

Pronunciation

  • (Western) IPA(key): /ˈɣul/

Verb

gul

  1. (Western) to go through

References

Bouyei

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *kuːᴬ (“I; me”), *kawᴬ (“I; me”). Cognate with Thai กู (guu), Zhuang gou.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ku˨˦/

Pronoun

gul

  1. I; me

Bura

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɡúl]

Noun

gul

  1. small hole

References

Cornish

Etymology

Contraction of gwul, cognate with Welsh gwneud, Breton ober (conjugation in gr-).

Verb

gul (irregular)

  1. do, make

Conjugation

Conjugation of gul
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
indicative present/future gwrav gwredh gwra gwren gwrewgh gwrons gwrer
preterite gwrug gwrussys gwrug gwrussyn gwrussowgh gwrussons gwrug
imperfect gwren gwres gwre gwren gwrewgh gwrens gwres
pluperfect gwrussen gwrusses gwrussa gwrussen gwrussewgh gwrussens gwrussys
subjunctive present/future gwrylliv gwrylli gwrello gwryllyn gwryllowgh gwrellons gwreller
imperfect gwrellen gwrelles gwrella gwrellen gwrellewgh gwrellens gwrellys
imperative - gwra gwres gwren gwrewgh gwrens -
non-finite forms present participle ow kul verbal adjective gwrys

Mutation

Mutation of gul
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed mixed after 'th
gul wul unchanged kul hwul wul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡuːˀl/, [ɡ̊uˀl], [kuˀl]

Adjective

gul

  1. yellow

Inflection

Inflection of gul
positive comparative superlative
indefinite common singular gul — —2
indefinite neuter singular gult — —2
plural gule — —2
definite attributive1 gule — —

1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

See also

Colors in Danish · farver (layout · text)
     hvid      grå      sort
             rød; højrød, mørkerød              orange; brun              gul; flødefarvet
             lime, lysegrøn              grøn, mørkegrøn              mintgrøn
             cyan; turkis, lyseblå              azurblå, himmelblå              blå, mørkeblå
             violet; indigo              magenta; lilla              lyserød, rosa

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣʏl/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: gul
  • Rhymes: -ʏl

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Probably cognate with West Frisian gol (“kind of heart”), Middle English gulle (“friendly”). A relation to gutsen has been suggested.[1]

Adjective

gul (comparative guller, superlative gulst)

  1. generous, unselfish
  2. unsparing, plentiful
  3. hearty, cordial
    Hij lachte gul.
    He laughed heartily.
Declension
Declension of gul
uninflected gul
inflected gulle
comparative guller
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial gul guller het gulst
het gulste
indefinite m./f. sing. gulle gullere gulste
n. sing. gul guller gulste
plural gulle gullere gulste
definite gulle gullere gulste
partitive guls gullers —
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch *gul(le) (attested only in the diminutive gullekijn). Uncertain, but plausibly related to geel (“yellow”).

Noun

gul m or f (plural gullen, diminutive gulletje n)

  1. young cod

References

  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “gul”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Faroese

Adjective

gul

  1. inflection of gulur:
    1. feminine nominative singular
    2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower, rose”).

Pronunciation

Noun

gul (plural gul-gul) (archaic, obsolete)

  1. synonym of bunga (“flower”)
  2. synonym of mawar (“rose”)

Further reading

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡulˠ/[1]

Noun

gul m

  1. alternative form of dul (as a verbal noun only)

References

  1. ^ Wagner, Heinrich (1959) Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 411, page 151; reprinted 1979

Khalaj

Perso-Arabic گُل

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul).

Pronunciation

  • (Xarrâbî) IPA(key): [ɡʊl], [ɡo̝l]

Noun

gul (definite accusative gulı, plural gullar)

  1. flower

Declension

Declension of gul
singular plural
nominative gul gullar
genitive gulııñ gullarııñ
dative gulqa gullarqa
definite accusative gulı gulları
locative gulça gullarça
ablative gulda gullarda
instrumental gulla gullarla
equative gulvâra gullarvâra

References

  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

Mangas

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡùl/

Noun

gul

  1. bone

References

  • Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡul(ə)/, /ˈɡoːl(ə)/

Adjective

gul

  1. (Late Middle English) yellow, pale

Descendants

  • ⇒ Scots: golgrav

See also

Colors in Middle English · coloures, hewes (layout · text)
     whit      grey, hor      blak
             red; cremesyn, gernet              citrine, aumbre; broun, tawne              yelow, dorry, gul; canevas
             grasgrene              grene             
             plunket; ewage              asure, livid              blewe, blo, pers
             violet; inde              rose, murrey; purpel, purpur              claret

References

North Frisian

Chemical element
Au Next: kwaksalwer (Hg)

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Frisian gold, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow”).

Noun

gul n

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) gold

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul).

Noun

gul f

  1. flower

Derived terms

  • gulan
  • gulav
  • gulberoj
  • gulbihar
  • gulbijêr
  • gulbijêrk
  • guldank
  • guldeste
  • guleberbiro
  • gulebûk
  • gulfîdan
  • gulgulî
  • gulgîn
  • gulhingivîn
  • gulik
  • gulistan
  • gulistanî
  • gulkelem
  • gulkelemî
  • gulnas
  • gulnasî
  • gulnesrîn
  • gulperî
  • gulyar
  • gulyarî
  • gulzan
  • gulzanî
  • gulçin
  • gulçinî
  • gulçîn
  • gulçînî
  • gulçînîtî
  • gulî
  • gulşen

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡʉːɽ/, /ɡʉːl/
  • (Fredrikstad dialect) IPA(key): [ɡʉːɽ]
  • Rhymes: -ʉːɽ

Adjective

gul (masculine and feminine gul, neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulere, indefinite superlative gulest, definite superlative guleste)

  1. yellow

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡʉːl/

Adjective

gul (neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulare, indefinite superlative gulast, definite superlative gulaste)

  1. yellow

Derived terms

See also

Colors in Norwegian Nynorsk · fargar (layout · text)
     kvit      grå      svart
             raud              oransje; brun              gul
                          grøn             
             (turkis)                           blå
                          rosa; lilla              rosa

References

Polish

Pronunciation

 
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡul/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ul
  • Syllabification: gul
  • Homophones: ghul, gól, Gul

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

gul

  1. sound a turkey makes; gobble
  2. sound of bubbling; gurgle

Etymology 2

See ghul.

Noun

gul m animal

  1. (Islam) alternative spelling of ghul
Declension
Declension of gul
singular plural
nominative gul gule
genitive gula gulów
dative gulowi gulom
accusative gula gule
instrumental gulem gulami
locative gulu gulach
vocative gulu gule

Etymology 3

Clipping of gwoli.

Preposition

gul

  1. (Central Greater Poland, Środa, Pleszew) synonym of gwoli

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

gul f

  1. genitive plural of gula

Further reading

  • gul in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • gul in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Oskar Kolberg (1877) “gul”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 18

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

gul m (genitive singular guil)

  1. verbal noun of guil

Southwestern Dinka

Noun

gul

  1. jaw

References

  • Dinka-English Dictionary‎[1], 2005

Sumerian

Romanization

gul

  1. romanization of 𒄢 (gul)

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡʉːl/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʉːl

Adjective

gul (comparative gulare, superlative gulast)

  1. yellow
    • 1980, Docent Död, “Solglasögon [Sunglasses]”, in Docent [Docent [associate professor, roughly]]‎[2]:
      Bakom mina solglasögon kan jag va' [vara] mig själv. Allting blir så vackert genom ... Genom mina solglasögon är ljuset alltid gult. Allting känns så riktigt bakom ...
      Behind my sunglasses, I can be myself. Everything turns so beautiful through ... Through my sunglasses, the light is always yellow. Everything feels so right behind ...

Declension

Inflection of gul
Indefinite positive comparative superlative1
common singular gul gulare gulast
neuter singular gult gulare gulast
plural gula gulare gulast
masculine plural2 gule gulare gulast
Definite positive comparative superlative
masculine singular3 gule gulare gulaste
all gula gulare gulaste

1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Noun

gul

  1. yellow

See also

Colors in Swedish · färger (layout · text)
     vit      grå      svart
             röd; karmosin, karmosinröd, blodröd              orange (common), brandgul (now uncommon); brun              gul; beige
             limegrön              grön              mintgrön
             turkos (common), cyan (rare); blågrön, teal              himmelsblå, azur              blå
             lila, violett, gredelin (light lavender, now uncommon); indigo              magenta; purpur              rosa (common), skär (uncommon)

References

Turkmen

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”). Cognate to Turkish kul (“slave, servant”)

Noun

gul (definite accusative guly, plural gullar)

  1. slave
  2. servant

Declension

Declension of gul
singular plural
nominative gul gullar
accusative guly gullary
genitive guluň gullaryň
dative gula gullara
locative gulda gullarda
ablative guldan gullardan

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “gul” in Enedilim.com
  • “gul” in Webonary.org

Uzbek

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai [Term?], from Classical Persian گُل (gul). Compare Uyghur گۈل (gül) / гүл (gül), Turkish gül, etc.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡʊl/, [ɡ˖ʏl]
  • Hyphenation: gul

Noun

gul (plural gullar)

  1. flower

Declension

Declension of gul
singular plural
nominative gul gullar
genitive gulning gullarning
dative gulga gullarga
definite accusative gulni gullarni
locative gulda gullarda
ablative guldan gullardan
similative guldek gullardek
Possessive forms of gul
1st person singular
singular plural
nominative gulim gullarim
genitive gulimning gullarimning
dative gulimga gullarimga
definite accusative gulimni gullarimni
locative gulimda gullarimda
ablative gulimdan gullarimdan
similative gulimdek gullarimdek
2nd person singular
singular plural
nominative guling gullaring
genitive gulingning gullaringning
dative gulingga gullaringga
definite accusative gulingni gullaringni
locative gulingda gullaringda
ablative gulingdan gullaringdan
similative gulingdek gullaringdek
3rd person singular
singular plural
nominative guli gullari
genitive gulining gullarining
dative guliga gullariga
definite accusative gulini gullarini
locative gulida gullarida
ablative gulidan gullaridan
similative gulidek gullaridek
1st person plural
singular plural
nominative gulimiz gullarimiz
genitive gulimizning gullarimizning
dative gulimizga gullarimizga
definite accusative gulimizni gullarimizni
locative gulimizda gullarimizda
ablative gulimizdan gullarimizdan
similative gulimizdek gullarimizdek
2nd person plural
singular plural
nominative gulingiz gullaringiz
genitive gulingizning gullaringizning
dative gulingizga gullaringizga
definite accusative gulingizni gullaringizni
locative gulingizda gullaringizda
ablative gulingizdan gullaringizdan
similative gulingizdek gullaringizdek
3rd person plural
singular plural
nominative guli gullari
genitive gulining gullarining
dative guliga gullariga
definite accusative gulini gullarini
locative gulida gullarida
ablative gulidan gullaridan
similative gulidek gullaridek

Synonyms

Volapük

Etymology

From Latin angulus (“angle, corner”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡul/

Noun

gul (nominative plural guls)

  1. angle
  2. corner

Declension

Declension of gul
singular plural
nominative gul guls
genitive gula gulas
dative gule gules
accusative guli gulis
vocative 1 o gul! o guls!
predicative 2 gulu gulus

1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Welsh

Adjective

gul

  1. soft mutation of cul (“narrow”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of cul
radical soft nasal aspirate
cul gul nghul chul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Zazaki

Etymology

Compare Persian گل (gol).

Noun

gul

  1. rose

Zou

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruul, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ruːl. Cognates include Khimi Chin mägui and Tibetan སྦྲུལ (sbrul).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡul˧/

Noun

gul

  1. snake, serpent

References

  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40
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