kul
Albanian • Cornish • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Icelandic • Karaim • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Sumerian • Swedish • Tocharian B • Turkish • Yucatec Maya
Page categories
Translingual
Symbol
kul
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Kulere terms
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian * ̊kull-, from Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to revolve, twist”). Occurs almost exclusively in prefixed form with për-. Probably related to ul.
Verb
kul (aorist (për)kula, participle (për)kulur)
Derived terms
Cornish
Pronunciation
- (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): [kyːl]
- (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): [kiːl]
Etymology 1
From Old Cornish cul, from Proto-Brythonic *kʉl, from Proto-Celtic *koilos (“thin”) (compare Old Irish coíl, Welsh cul).
Adjective
kul
Derived terms
- kuldremenva (“corridor”)
Mutation
unmutated | soft | aspirate | hard | mixed | mixed after 'th |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
kul | gul | hul | unchanged | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
kul
- hard mutation of gul (“to do, make”)
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkul]
Participle
kul
- masculine singular past active participle of kout
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, cognate with Swedish kol, German Kohle, Dutch kool, English coal.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kol/, [ˈkʰɔl]
Noun
kul n (singular definite kullet, plural indefinite kul)
Declension
neuter gender |
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | kul | kullet | kul | kullene |
genitive | kuls | kullets | kuls | kullenes |
Derived terms
- brunkul
- grillkul
- kulgrube
- kulhandel
- kulilte
- kulkraft
- kulkælder
- kullag
- kulmine
- kulsyre
- kultegning
- kultveilte
- stenkul
References
- “kul” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuːˀl/, [ˈkʰuˀl]
Verb
kul
- imperative of kule
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʏl/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ʏl
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch cul, kul (“testicle”), from Old French coille, from Latin cōleus (“testicle”).
Noun
kul f (plural kullen, diminutive kulletje n)
- (obsolete) testicle
- (dialectal) marble (small ball used in various games)
- (obsolete) loser, wuss, wimp
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Clipping of flauwekul, a univerbation of the adjective flauw (“insipid, tasteless”) and the noun kul (“testicle”).
Noun
kul m (uncountable)
Derived terms
- kulargument
- kulverhaal
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʰʏːl]
- Rhymes: -ʏːl
Noun
kul n (genitive singular kuls, no plural)
Declension
singular | ||
---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | kul | kulið |
accusative | kul | kulið |
dative | kuli | kulinu |
genitive | kuls | kulsins |
Karaim
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *kul.
Noun
kul
References
- N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kul”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
Related to the noun kule
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʉːl/
- Rhymes: -ʉːl
Noun
kul m (definite singular kulen, indefinite plural kuler, definite plural kulene)
Etymology 2
From Swedish kul, with meaning influenced by English cool.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʉːl/
- Rhymes: -ʉːl
Adjective
kul (masculine and feminine kul, neuter kult, definite singular and plural kule, comparative kulere, indefinite superlative kulest, definite superlative kuleste)
- cool (awesome)
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʉːl/
- Rhymes: -ʉːl
Verb
kul
- imperative of kule
References
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
Related to the noun kule
Noun
kul m (definite singular kulen, indefinite plural kular, definite plural kulane)
Etymology 2
From Swedish kul, with meaning influenced by English cool.
Adjective
kul (neuter kult, definite singular and plural kule, comparative kulare, indefinite superlative kulast, definite superlative kulaste)
- cool (awesome)
Etymology 3
Verb
kul
- imperative of kule
References
- “kul” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkul/
- Rhymes: -ul
- Syllabification: kul
- Homophone: cool
Noun
kul f
Verb
kul
- second-person singular imperative of kulić
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kûːl/
Adjective
kȗl (Cyrillic spelling ку̑л)
- cool: popular, great, in fashion
- Taj frajer je zbilja kul! — That dude is really cool!
Adverb
kȗl (Cyrillic spelling ку̑л)
- cool, in a cool manner
Sumerian
Romanization
kul
- romanization of 𒆰 (kul)
Swedish
Etymology
Of unclear origin. Perhaps a clipping from an earlier kulan, from kula. First seen in 1911.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʉːl/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ʉːl
Adjective
kul (comparative mer kul, superlative mest kul)
- fun
- Det är kul att åka skateboard
- It's fun to ride a skateboard
- funny
- Vill du höra ett kul skämt?
- Want to hear a funny joke?
- (nominalized) fun things
- Det finns mycket kul att göra på stadsfestivalen
- There are lots of fun things to do at the city festival
Declension
No inflected forms. Sometimes kulig is used colloquially when inflected forms are needed.
Related terms
See also
References
- kul in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- kul in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- kul in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Tocharian B
Etymology
Unknown.
Noun
kul ?
Further reading
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kul”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 196
Turkish
Etymology
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قول (kul, “male slave, servant”), from Old Anatolian Turkish قل (qul), from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”).[1] Cognate to Old Turkic 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “slave”), Karakhanid قُلْ (qul, “slave”), Kazakh құл (qūl), Khakas хул (xul).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkʊl/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: kul
Noun
kul (definite accusative kulu, plural kullar)
- slave (sense as a noun mostly archaic, except "kul köle" and similar idioms - even figuratively, where "köle" is commoner. An exception is the verb form "kulluk yapmak, "to serve" in pejorative sense)
- servant
- position of man according to God (No equivalent, even in "servant" of the lord this sense is preserved. In this context "mortal" sense in vernacular is understood, versus an "immortal god")
Declension
|
Related terms
- hatasız kul olmaz
- kul köle
- kullanmak
- kullu
- kulluk
- kulluk yapmak, kulluk etmek, kul olmak
- kulsuz
See also
References
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kul”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Further reading
- kul on the Turkish Wikipedia.Wikipedia tr
Yucatec Maya
Verb
kul (positional)
- to sit