sofisticar
Catalan
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin sophisticāre, from sophisticus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Central) [su.fis.tiˈka]
- IPA(key): (Balearic) [so.fis.tiˈka]
- IPA(key): (Valencia) [so.fis.tiˈkaɾ]
Verb
sofisticar (first-person singular present sofistico, first-person singular preterite sofistiquí, past participle sofisticat)
- (intransitive) to sophisticate (practice sophistry)
- (transitive) to adulterate
- Synonyms: adulterar, desnaturalitzar
- (transitive) to improve, to perfect
- Synonym: perfeccionar
Conjugation
Conjugation of sofisticar (first conjugation, c-qu alternation)
Derived terms
Related terms
- sofisma
- sofístic
- sofisticació
Further reading
- “sofisticar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from French sophistiquer or from sofístico + -ar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /so.fis.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [so.fis.t͡ʃiˈka(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /so.fis.t͡ʃiˈka(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /so.fiʃ.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [so.fiʃ.t͡ʃiˈka(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /so.fis.t͡ʃiˈka(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /su.fiʃ.tiˈkaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /su.fiʃ.tiˈka.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: so‧fis‧ti‧car
Verb
sofisticar (first-person singular present sofistico, first-person singular preterite sofistiquei, past participle sofisticado)
- (transitive, intransitive) synonym of sofismar
- (transitive) to treat with subtlety
- (transitive) to falsify, adulterate
- (transitive, reflexive) to refine to the maximum; arrange with refinement, improve
- (transitive, reflexive) to sophisticate
Conjugation
Conjugation of sofisticar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Spanish
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sofistiˈkaɾ/ [so.fis.t̪iˈkaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: so‧fis‧ti‧car
Verb
sofisticar (first-person singular present sofistico, first-person singular preterite sofistiqué, past participle sofisticado)
- (transitive) to sophisticate
Conjugation
Conjugation of sofisticar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
Selected combined forms of sofisticar (c-qu alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive sofisticar | dative | sofisticarme | sofisticarte | sofisticarle, sofisticarse | sofisticarnos | sofisticaros | sofisticarles, sofisticarse |
accusative | sofisticarme | sofisticarte | sofisticarlo, sofisticarla, sofisticarse | sofisticarnos | sofisticaros | sofisticarlos, sofisticarlas, sofisticarse | |
with gerund sofisticando | dative | sofisticándome | sofisticándote | sofisticándole, sofisticándose | sofisticándonos | sofisticándoos | sofisticándoles, sofisticándose |
accusative | sofisticándome | sofisticándote | sofisticándolo, sofisticándola, sofisticándose | sofisticándonos | sofisticándoos | sofisticándolos, sofisticándolas, sofisticándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative sofistica | dative | sofistícame | sofistícate | sofistícale | sofistícanos | not used | sofistícales |
accusative | sofistícame | sofistícate | sofistícalo, sofistícala | sofistícanos | not used | sofistícalos, sofistícalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative sofisticá | dative | sofisticame | sofisticate | sofisticale | sofisticanos | not used | sofisticales |
accusative | sofisticame | sofisticate | sofisticalo, sofisticala | sofisticanos | not used | sofisticalos, sofisticalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative sofistique | dative | sofistíqueme | not used | sofistíquele, sofistíquese | sofistíquenos | not used | sofistíqueles |
accusative | sofistíqueme | not used | sofistíquelo, sofistíquela, sofistíquese | sofistíquenos | not used | sofistíquelos, sofistíquelas | |
with first-person plural imperative sofistiquemos | dative | not used | sofistiquémoste | sofistiquémosle | sofistiquémonos | sofistiquémoos | sofistiquémosles |
accusative | not used | sofistiquémoste | sofistiquémoslo, sofistiquémosla | sofistiquémonos | sofistiquémoos | sofistiquémoslos, sofistiquémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative sofisticad | dative | sofisticadme | not used | sofisticadle | sofisticadnos | sofisticaos | sofisticadles |
accusative | sofisticadme | not used | sofisticadlo, sofisticadla | sofisticadnos | sofisticaos | sofisticadlos, sofisticadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative sofistiquen | dative | sofistíquenme | not used | sofistíquenle | sofistíquennos | not used | sofistíquenles, sofistíquense |
accusative | sofistíquenme | not used | sofistíquenlo, sofistíquenla | sofistíquennos | not used | sofistíquenlos, sofistíquenlas, sofistíquense |
Further reading
- “sofisticar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024