tumbar

Spanish

Etymology

From an onomatopoeic / expressive root tumb- or tomb-, imitating the sound of rolling, tumbling, or falling.^[1]^[2] Compare Portuguese tombar, Catalan tombar, French tomber, Romanian tumbă, etc.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tumˈbaɾ/ [t̪ũmˈbaɾ]
Audio (Colombia): (file)
Rhymes: -aɾ
Syllabification: tum‧bar

Verb

tumbar (first-person singular present tumbo, first-person singular preterite tumbé, past participle tumbado)

(transitive) to knock over, tip (make fall)
Synonym: botar
(intransitive) to fall
Synonym: caerse
(reflexive) to lie down
Synonyms: acostarse, echarse

Conjugation

Conjugation of tumbar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			tumbar
gerund			tumbando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		tumbado		tumbada
		plural		tumbados		tumbadas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	tumbo	tumbas^{^tú} tumbás^{^vos}	tumba	tumbamos	tumbáis	tumban
	imperfect	tumbaba	tumbabas	tumbaba	tumbábamos	tumbabais	tumbaban
	preterite	tumbé	tumbaste	tumbó	tumbamos	tumbasteis	tumbaron
	future	tumbaré	tumbarás	tumbará	tumbaremos	tumbaréis	tumbarán
	conditional	tumbaría	tumbarías	tumbaría	tumbaríamos	tumbaríais	tumbarían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	tumbe	tumbes^{^tú} tumbés^{^vos²}	tumbe	tumbemos	tumbéis	tumben
	imperfect (ra)	tumbara	tumbaras	tumbara	tumbáramos	tumbarais	tumbaran
	imperfect (se)	tumbase	tumbases	tumbase	tumbásemos	tumbaseis	tumbasen
	future¹	tumbare	tumbares	tumbare	tumbáremos	tumbareis	tumbaren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		tumba^{^tú} tumbá^{^vos}	tumbe	tumbemos	tumbad	tumben
	negative		no tumbes	no tumbe	no tumbemos	no tumbéis	no tumben

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of tumbar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive tumbar	dative	tumbarme	tumbarte	tumbarle, tumbarse	tumbarnos	tumbaros	tumbarles, tumbarse
with infinitive tumbar	accusative	tumbarme	tumbarte	tumbarlo, tumbarla, tumbarse	tumbarnos	tumbaros	tumbarlos, tumbarlas, tumbarse

with gerund tumbando	dative	tumbándome	tumbándote	tumbándole, tumbándose	tumbándonos	tumbándoos	tumbándoles, tumbándose
with gerund tumbando	accusative	tumbándome	tumbándote	tumbándolo, tumbándola, tumbándose	tumbándonos	tumbándoos	tumbándolos, tumbándolas, tumbándose

with informal second-person singular tú imperative tumba	dative	túmbame	túmbate	túmbale	túmbanos	not used	túmbales
with informal second-person singular tú imperative tumba	accusative	túmbame	túmbate	túmbalo, túmbala	túmbanos	not used	túmbalos, túmbalas

with informal second-person singular vos imperative tumbá	dative	tumbame	tumbate	tumbale	tumbanos	not used	tumbales
with informal second-person singular vos imperative tumbá	accusative	tumbame	tumbate	tumbalo, tumbala	tumbanos	not used	tumbalos, tumbalas

with formal second-person singular imperative tumbe	dative	túmbeme	not used	túmbele, túmbese	túmbenos	not used	túmbeles
with formal second-person singular imperative tumbe	accusative	túmbeme	not used	túmbelo, túmbela, túmbese	túmbenos	not used	túmbelos, túmbelas

with first-person plural imperative tumbemos	dative	not used	tumbémoste	tumbémosle	tumbémonos	tumbémoos	tumbémosles
with first-person plural imperative tumbemos	accusative	not used	tumbémoste	tumbémoslo, tumbémosla	tumbémonos	tumbémoos	tumbémoslos, tumbémoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative tumbad	dative	tumbadme	not used	tumbadle	tumbadnos	tumbaos	tumbadles
with informal second-person plural imperative tumbad	accusative	tumbadme	not used	tumbadlo, tumbadla	tumbadnos	tumbaos	tumbadlos, tumbadlas

with formal second-person plural imperative tumben	dative	túmbenme	not used	túmbenle	túmbennos	not used	túmbenles, túmbense
with formal second-person plural imperative tumben	accusative	túmbenme	not used	túmbenlo, túmbenla	túmbennos	not used	túmbenlos, túmbenlas, túmbense

Derived terms

Related terms

tumba

References

^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “tumbar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
^ “tumbar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024