降下
Chinese
to drop; to fall; to come down to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender |
under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (降下) | 降 | 下 | |
| simp. #(降下) | 降 | 下 | |
| anagram | 下降 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gong3 haa6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kong-hâ
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kàng-hā
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiàngxià
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàngsià
- Wade–Giles: chiang4-hsia4
- Yale: jyàng-syà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqshiah
- Palladius: цзянся (czjansja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gong3 haa6
- Yale: gong hah
- Cantonese Pinyin: gong3 haa6
- Guangdong Romanization: gong3 ha6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːŋ³³ haː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kong-hâ
- Hakka Romanization System: gong haˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gong4 ha1
- Sinological IPA: /koŋ⁵⁵ ha²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng-hā
- Tâi-lô: kàng-hā
- Phofsit Daibuun: karngha
- IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ha²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ha⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ha²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ha³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ha³³/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
降下
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 降 | 下 |
| こう Grade: 6 |
か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
/kauka/ → /kɔːka/ → /koːka/.
Noun
Interjection
降下 • (kōka)
- jump! (command when parachuting)
Verb
降下する • (kōka suru) suru (stem 降下し (kōka shi), past 降下した (kōka shita))
- to fall, to descend
- to drop, especially for the temperature to drop
Conjugation
Conjugation of "降下する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 降下し | こうかし | kōka shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 降下し | こうかし | kōka shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 降下する | こうかする | kōka suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 降下する | こうかする | kōka suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 降下すれ | こうかすれ | kōka sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 降下せよ¹ 降下しろ² |
こうかせよ¹ こうかしろ² |
kōka seyo¹ kōka shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 降下される | こうかされる | kōka sareru | |
| Causative | 降下させる 降下さす |
こうかさせる こうかさす |
kōka saseru kōka sasu | |
| Potential | 降下できる | こうかできる | kōka dekiru | |
| Volitional | 降下しよう | こうかしよう | kōka shiyō | |
| Negative | 降下しない | こうかしない | kōka shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 降下せず | こうかせず | kōka sezu | |
| Formal | 降下します | こうかします | kōka shimasu | |
| Perfective | 降下した | こうかした | kōka shita | |
| Conjunctive | 降下して | こうかして | kōka shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 降下すれば | こうかすれば | kōka sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||