úath

See also: uath and uath-

Old Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [uːa̯θ]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸowtus, from Proto-Indo-European *pew- (“to fear”).

Noun

úath ?

  1. fear, horror, terror
  2. a horrible or terrible thing
Inflection
Masculine u-stem
singular dual plural
nominative úath úathL úathae
vocative úath úathL úathu
accusative úathN úathL úathu
genitive úathoH, úathaH úatho, úatha úathaeN
dative úathL úathaib úathaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms
  • adfúath
  • adúath
  • adúathaigid
  • úaithbélta
  • úathach
  • úathbásach
  • úathgráin
  • úathmaire
  • úathmar
Descendants
  • Middle Irish: úath (“horrible thing, horror”)
  • Middle Irish: fúath (“hatred”)

Further reading

Etymology 2

Uncertain, multiple theories exist.[1] What is certain is that the term never originally meant "whitethorn".

  • Peter Schrijver believes the Ogam letter name is an extension of the meaning "fear", with the ogam letter originally denoting /ɸ/.
  • Damian McManus notes another etymology deriving this letter name from Ancient Greek ἰῶτα (iôta); this etymology supposes that the letter originally denoted /j/. McManus is hesitant to accept this due to the need to posit a loanword.[2] On the other hand, Deborah Hayden and David Stifter accept this etymology, but suggest Latin iōta as the immediate intermediary of the loan.

Noun

úath ?

  1. name of the Ogham letter ᚆ (h)
Descendants

Further reading

Etymology 3

Uncertain. Originally distinct from etymology 2, but later associated with it as the names of most Ogham letters were words for various plants.

Noun

úath ?

  1. whitethorn, Crataegus monogyna
Descendants

Further reading

Etymology 4

From úathad.

Noun

úath ?

  1. a small number, a few
Descendants

Further reading

Mutation

Mutation of úath
radical lenition nasalization
úath
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)		 úath n-úath

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Hayden, Deborah, Stifter, David (2022) “Ogam and Trees – OG(H)AM”, in Megan Kasten, editor, OG(H)AM – Harnessing digital technologies to transform understanding of ogham writing, from the 4th century to the 21st‎[1]
  2. ^ * McManus, Damian (1991). A Guide to Ogam, Maynooth Monographs 4. Maynooth: An Sagart, p. 81. →ISBN.
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