лия
See also: Лия
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *liti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlijɐ]
Verb
ли́я • (líja) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ли́на)
- nonstandard form of ле́я (léja, “to pour liquid”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of ли́я (conjugation 1.7, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ли́ещ líešt |
лил lil |
ли́ел líel |
лит lit |
ли́ейки líejki | |
| definite subject form | ли́ещият líeštijat |
ли́лият lílijat |
— | ли́тият lítijat | |||
| definite object form | ли́ещия líeštija |
ли́лия lílija |
— | ли́тия lítija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ли́еща líešta |
ли́ла líla |
ли́ела líela |
ли́та líta | ||
| definite | ли́ещата líeštata |
ли́лата lílata |
— | ли́тата lítata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ли́ещо líešto |
ли́ло lílo |
ли́ело líelo |
ли́то líto |
ли́ене líene | |
| definite | ли́ещото líeštoto |
ли́лото líloto |
— | ли́тото lítoto |
ли́енето líeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ли́ещи líešti |
ли́ли líli |
ли́ели líeli |
ли́ти líti |
ли́ения, ли́енета líenija, líeneta | |
| definite | ли́ещите líeštite |
ли́лите lílite |
— | ли́тите lítite |
ли́енията, ли́енетата líenijata, líenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ли́я líja |
ли́еш líeš |
ли́е líe |
ли́ем líem |
ли́ете líete |
ли́ят líjat | |
| imperfect | ли́ех líeh |
ли́еше líeše |
ли́еше líeše |
ли́ехме líehme |
ли́ехте líehte |
ли́еха líeha | |
| aorist | лих lih |
ли li |
ли li |
ли́хме líhme |
ли́хте líhte |
ли́ха líha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ли́ел m, ли́ела f, ли́ело n, or ли́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ли́ел m, ли́ела f, ли́ело n, or ли́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ли́ел m, ли́ела f, ли́ело n, or ли́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| лий lij |
ли́йте líjte |
||||||
Derived terms
- ли́вам (lívam) (semelfactive)
- лит (lit, “slim, slender”) (rare)
- лита́н (litán, “thin fabric”) (dialectal)
References
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “ли́ѭ, -ешь; лилъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 18
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лия”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 446
Erzya
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lʲija/
Adjective
лия • (lija)
- other, another, else
- Тейтересь лия велень.
- Tejtereś lija veleń.
- The girl is from another village.
- 1910, Makar Evsevievich Evseviev, Gospoda nashego Iisusa Hrista Svjatoe Evangelie ot Matfeja, Marka, Luki i Ioanna na mordovskom jazyke[2], page 161:
- Тон ли севатесь, конанень эряви самс или ліянь тенек учомс?
- Ton li sevateś, konaneń eŕavi sams ili lijań tenek učoms?
- “Are you the one who is to come, or should we expect someone else?”
References
- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “лия”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
Moksha
Etymology
From Proto-Mordvinic *lijä (*lijə), possibly from Pre-Mordvinic *lika~*līka, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Latvian lieks (“too much, extra, unnecessary”), Lithuanian liẽkas (“odd, extra, too much”)). Despite the similarity between the Mordvinic word and Finnish liika (“too much; odd”) with cognates in all other Finnic languages, the etymological dictionaries have not considered the Finnic and Mordvinic words as etymological cognates.[1]
More
Veršinin considers this term evidently connected with иля (ilä, “other, different”), the latter being the original form, the root и- (i-) is of the same origin as исень (iseń, “of yesterday [adjective]”) and ичкозе (ičkoze, “far”), э- (e-) in Erzya эзк (ezk, “close, next to”), эське (eśke, “last time”), he compares -э- (-e-) in Tundra Nenets [script needed] (ŋeli, “other, different”), [script needed] (ŋelimź, “to become different”), Udmurt иськан (iśkan, “close female friend, close relative”) and Eastern Mari (в)е- ((v)je-) in вес(е) (ves(je), “other”) (where в- (v-) might be a secondary development.) In relation to the last ones, he also compares Proto-Turkic [Term?] (eš, “friend”).
In the Erzya word иля (iľa, “don't [imperative of negation verb]”) Veršinin sees shifting of meaning from "that (one)" → "not (that one)," where the и- (i-) originally has been a demonstrative component, the same as in the Moksha term.[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lʲiˈjæ/
Determiner
лия́ • (lijä́)
- other, another, else
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- лиянь
- lijäń
- other [object]
- лиянди
- lijändi
- to another [dative]
- Эняльдян, азость (азк) лия́кс!
- Enäldän, azosť (azk) lijä́ks !
- Please (I ask you), say [pl.] ([sg.]) (it) differently (~ paraphrase it)!
- B. V. Vsesvätskij, Botanika: SREDNÄJ ŠKOLANDI TONAFNEMA KNIGA, 1933
- (..) и аф ётнихть лиятне (..)
- (..) i af jotnihť lijätne (..)
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | лия (lijä) | лият (lijät) |
| genitive | лиянь (lijäń) | — |
| dative | лиянди (lijändi) | — |
| ablative | лияда (lijäda) | — |
| inessive | лияса (lijäsa) | — |
| elative | лияста (lijästa) | — |
| illative | лияс (lijäs) | — |
| prolative | лиява (lijäva) | — |
| comparative | лияшка (lijäška) | — |
| translative | лиякс (lijäks) | — |
| abessive | лияфтома (lijäftoma) | — |
| causative | лиянкса (lijänksa) | — |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | лиясь (lijäś) | лиятне (lijätne) |
| genitive | лиять (lijäť) | лиятнень (lijätneń) |
| dative | лияти (lijäti) | лиятненди (lijätnendi) |
References
- ^ Riho Grünthal. Baltic loanwords in Mordvin, p. 321-322
- ^ Veršinin, V. I. (2004) Этимологический словарь мордовских (эрзянского и мокшанского) языков [Etymological dictionary of Mordvinic (Erzya and Moksha) languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Joškar Ola, page 86