під-

• піді- (pidi-) — before certain consonant clusters

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ-; see *podъ for further information.

• під-: IPA^(key): [pʲid ] (before vowels and voiced consonants)
• под-: IPA^(key): [pʲit ] (before voiceless consonants)
• пі́д-: IPA^(key): [ˈpid ] (when stressed, before vowels and voiced consonants)
• по́д-: IPA^(key): [ˈpit ] (when stressed, before voiceless consonants)

під- • (pid-)

1. (used with verbs) upwards (describing an action of moving from the bottom up)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎кинути pf (kynuty, “to throw”) → ‎підкинути pf (pidkynuty, “to throw upwards”)

2. (used with verbs) closer (describing an action of approaching to an entity)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎йти́ impf (jtý, “to go (by walking)”) → ‎підійти́ pf (pidijtý, “to walk up to, to approach (by walking)”)

3. (used with verbs) adding (describing an action of adding more entity)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎-ба́вити (-bávyty) → ‎підба́вити pf (pidbávyty, “to add, replenish”)

4. (used with verbs) (describing a meaning that shows a finished action or an obtainment of a result)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎стригти impf (stryhty, “to cut”) → ‎підстри́гти pf (pidstrýhty, “to cut up”)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to write”) → ‎підписа́ти pf (pidpysáty, “to sign, to subscribe (in the sense of writing one's name with a result)”)

5. (used with verbs) (describing an action of copying or following someone's action)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎да (da, “yes”) + ‎-к (-k, suffix forming verbs from expressions) + ‎-увати (-uvaty, imperfectivizing suffix) → ‎підда́кувати impf (piddákuvaty, “to say yes, to assent (in the sense echoing "yes")”)

6. (used with verbs) (describing an existence of the certain action that is weak, invisible, hidden or incomplete)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎втомитись pf (vtomytysʹ, “to get tired”) → ‎підвтомитись pf (pidvtomytysʹ, “to get tired slightly or lightly”)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎слати pf (slaty, “to send, dispatch”) → ‎підісла́ти pf (pidisláty, “to send something (secretly)”)

під- • (pid-)

1. takes nouns, produces nouns or adjectives: under-, sub- (referring to literal position under something, being under the influence of something, occupying a title or position below a superior, etc.)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎земля́ (zemljá, “ground”) + ‎-ний (-nyj) → ‎підзе́мний (pidzémnyj, “underground”)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎гру́па (hrúpa, “group”) → ‎підгру́па (pidhrúpa, “subgroup”)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎влада (vlada, “authority, control”) + ‎-ний (-nyj) → ‎підвла́дний (pidvládnyj, “subjected, dependant”)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎Карпа́ти (Karpáty, “Carpathians (mountains)”) + ‎-тя (-tja) → ‎Підкарпа́ття (Pidkarpáttja, “Subcarpathia (region surrounding the Carpathian mountains)”)

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎ма́йстриня (májstrynja, “master (feminine)”) + ‎підмайстри́ня (pidmajstrýnja) → ‎[Term?] (“apprentice (female)”)

2. takes adjectives, produces adverbs: completely

   ‎під- (pid-) + ‎чи́стий (čýstyj, “clean”) + ‎-у́ (-ú, feminine accusative ending) → ‎підчисту́ (pidčystú, “without remainder”)

• In the meaning of closer, only use під- when the subject is in the sight range of the object of interest, and then moves even closer towards it.

• Я підійшла́ до па́м'ятника.

  Ja pidijšlá do pámʺjatnyka.

  I walked up to the statue.

  (I already was in the same room or space with it, and then walked closer to it.)

• Я прийшла́ до па́м'ятника.

  Ja pryjšlá do pámʺjatnyka.

  I arrived at the statue.

  (I came to the statue from somewhere further.)

• від- (vid-)

• під (pid)