чи

чи • (či)

1. man

• гӏадан (ʻadan)
• инсан (insan)

Cognate of Mandarin Chinese 汽 (qì)

• IPA^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

чи • (či) (III)

1. steam

Cognate of Mandarin Chinese 氣／气 (qì)

• IPA^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

чи • (či) (I)

1. gas

• (archaic or dialectal) че (če), čä

From Proto-Mordvinic *či ~ *ši, inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kečä ~ *keččä (“circle, ring”). Cognates include Moksha ши (ši, “sun, day, weather”), Finnish kehä (“circle, ring”), Eastern Mari кече (keče, “sun, day”), Komi-Zyrian киш (kiš, “ring, halo”), archaic Hungarian kégy.

The *kəči > *či shift possibly influenced by *ve (“night”).

чи • (či)

1. (astronomy) sun

   Synonyms: чипай (čipaj), чипаз (čipaz)

   чись пиди ― čiś pidi ― the sun is blazing

2. day

   тундонь чи ― tundoń či ― a spring day

   • 1821, Novum Testamentum Mordvinice litt. cyrill.‎^[1], page 138:

     Не чытнесте, лись Кесарьсто Августань кармавтомо тѣймексъ сю̂рмацтомо вясеме масторонь кялесъ.

     Ne čïtneste , liś Kesaŕsto Avgustań karmavtomo tejmeks śûrmactomo väseme mastoroń käles.

     In those days Caesar Augustus issued a decree that a census should be taken of the entire [Roman] world.

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

• B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “чи”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
• “päike”, in [ERSA] Eesti-ersa sõnaraamat [Estonian-Erzya Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, 2019
• Entry #275 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

From Proto-Mongolic *či.

чи • (çi)

1. you (subject pronoun: the person being addressed) (singular)

From Classical Mongolian ᠴᠢ (či), from Middle Mongol ᠴᠢ (či), from Proto-Mongolic *či. Cognate with Dongxiang chi.

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕʰi/
• Syllabification: чи (1 syllable)

чи • (či) (Mongolian spelling ᠴᠢ (či))

1. (informal) you (subject pronoun: the person being addressed)

Possibly akin to Mongolic *či; compare Mongolian чи (či) and Tungusic *si, compare Nanai си (si).

• IPA^(key): /cʰi/

чи (ț’i)

1. you, thou

Akin to Middle Persian kē.

чи • (ḱi)

1. who

Inherited from Old Slovak či, from Proto-Slavic *či. Cognates include Polish czy and Slovak či.

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃi]
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: чи

чи (či)

1. if, whether
   • 2024 September 17, А. Балатинац, “Учителька хтора жиє свой сон (I) [A teacher who is living her dream (I)]”, in Руске Слово‎^[2]:

     На руски язик ше ходзело пейц годзини тижньово, и нєшка так, алє теди нїхто анї нє роздумовал чи пойдзе чи нє пойдзе на годзини, то ше подрозумйовало – гвари Наталия.

     Na ruski jazik še xodzelo pejc hodzini tižnʹovo, i nješka tak, alje tedi njixto anji nje rozdumoval či pojdze či nje pojdze na hodzini, to še podrozumjovalo – hvari Natalija.

     Rusyn language was taught for five lessons per week, and it's the same now, but back then no one even thought of whether to go to class or not, it was taken for granted – says Natalija.

2. or

   Synonyms: або (abo), лєбо (ljebo)

• Often doubled. When doubled, the usage translates to "whether … or".

чи (či)

1. interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question; whether
   • 2024 August 3, А. Саванович, “Рударенє ядариту: Розвойна шанса, чи еколоґийна катастрофа? [Jadarite mining: A development opportunity, or an ecological disaster?]”, in Руске Слово‎^[3]:

     Колумна готова, батерия витримала. Чи витрима Сербия на литиюму – то питанє за шицких нас.

     Kolumna hotova, baterija vitrimala. Či vitrima Serbija na litijumu – to pitanje za šickix nas.

     The column is ready, the battery is durable. Whether Serbia can survive on lithium – that's a question for all of us.

• Used at the beginning of sentences or clauses.

• Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “чи”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “whether”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 375

Akin to Udi хунчи (ꭓunči).

чи • (či)

1. sister

Inherited from Old Ruthenian чи (či), from Old East Slavic чи (či), from Proto-Slavic *či, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁, initially instrumental singular of pronoun *kʷo-/*kʷe-.

• IPA^(key): [t͡ʃɪ]

• Audio:

  (file)

чи • (čy)

1. interrogative particle: introduces a question

   Чи ви отримали подарунки? ― Čy vy otrymaly podarunky? ― Did you receive the gifts?

2. if, whether

   Я не знаю, чи він згоден зі мною. ― Ja ne znaju, čy vin zhoden zi mnoju. ― I don't know whether he agrees with me.

чи • (čy)

1. or

• або́ (abó)

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “чи”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka