اختر
See also: أختر
Old Anatolian Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian اختر (axtar)
Noun
اختر • (eḫter) (plural اختر‌ها (eḫterhā))
Derived terms
- اختر غفران (eḫter-i ġüfrān, “a title of Mohammad”)
Descendants
- Azerbaijani: əxtər
- Ottoman Turkish: اختر (ahter)
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اختر (eḫter), from Classical Persian اختر (axtar, “star”).
Noun
اختر • (ahter) (plural اختر‌ها (ahterha))
- (astronomy) star, a luminous celestial body made up of plasma
- (figuratively) one's star, fortune, luck, chance, destiny
- Synonym: ستاره (sitare)
Derived terms
- اخترسوخته (ahter-suhte, “unfortunate”)
- اخترشمر (ahter-şümer, “astrologer”)
- اخترشناس (ahter-şinas, “astrologer”)
- اختركو (ahter-gû, “astrologer”)
- بد اختر (bed ahter, “ill-fortuned”)
- نیك اختر (nik ahter, “lucky”)
Further reading
click to expand
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ahter”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 158
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اختر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[1] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 59
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Stella”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[2], Vienna, column 1595
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اختر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[3], Vienna, column 90
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اختر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 42
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhtl /axtar/), an ancient backformation from [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾpʾhtl /abāxtar/, “planet”), due to a mistaken folk etymology that the first element ab- was a negative suffix, since Zoroastrianism considers the planets to be nefarious "un-stars" due to their astronomically odd behavior.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ʔax.ˈtaɾ/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæx.t̪ʰæɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäχ.t̪ʰäɾ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | axtar |
| Dari reading? | axtar |
| Iranian reading? | axtar |
| Tajik reading? | axtar |
Audio (Iran): (file)
Noun
| Dari | اختر |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | ахтар |
اَخْتَر • (axtar)
- (astronomy or literary) star
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 12”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ][5]:
- ای شهنشاه بلند اختر، خدا را همتی
تا ببوسم همچو اختر خاک ایوان شما- ay šahinšāh-i buland axtar, xudā rā himmatē
tā bibōsam hamčū axtar xāk-i ēwān-i šumā - O King of Kings of soaring fortune [the Beloved], for God's sake just a little grace,
So that I might kiss―as do the stars―the dust of your porch.
- ay šahinšāh-i buland axtar, xudā rā himmatē
- (literary, figurative) fortune; luck
- Synonym: بَخْت (baxt)
- اختر نیک (literary) ― axtar-e nik ― good fortune
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 12”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ][6]:
- ای شهنشاه بلند اختر، خدا را همتی
تا ببوسم همچو اختر خاک ایوان شما- ay šahinšāh-i buland axtar, xudā rā himmatē
tā bibōsam hamčū axtar xāk-i ēwān-i šumā - O King of Kings of soaring fortune [the Beloved], for God's sake just a little grace,
So that I might kiss―as do the stars―the dust of your porch.
- ay šahinšāh-i buland axtar, xudā rā himmatē
- (poetic, figurative) teardrop
- c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی[7]:
- باز این منم که از غم روی چو ماه تو
شب تا به صبح، دیدهٔ من پر ز اختر است- bâz in man-am ke az ġam-e ru-ye ču mâh-e to
šab tâ be sobh, dide-ye man por ze axtar ast - It is me again whose eyes, out of love-sorrow for your moon-like face,
Are full of starry tears from nightfall to dawn.
- bâz in man-am ke az ġam-e ru-ye ču mâh-e to
Related terms
- ابرنواختر (abar-now-axtar, “supernova”)
- اختر شمردن (axtar šomordan, “to stay up all night”, literally “to count stars”)
- اخترشناس (axtaršenâs, “astronomer”)
- اخترمار (axtarmâr, “astronomer”)
- اختری (axtari, “stellar”)
- بد اختر (bad axtar, “ill-fortuned”, literally “bad-star”)
- بلند اختر (boland axtar, “lucky; fortunate”, literally “high-star”)
- نواختر (now-axtar, “nova”)