حبق

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ح ب ق (ḥ b q)
1 term

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħa.ba.qa/

Verb

حَبَقَ • (ḥabaqa) I (non-past يَحْبِقُ (yaḥbiqu), verbal noun حَبْق (ḥabq) or حُباق (ḥubāq)) (obsolete)

to flatulate

Conjugation

Conjugation of **حَبَقَ** (I, sound, a ~ i, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns **حَبْق**, *حُباق*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					حَبْق, حُباق ḥabq, ḥubāq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					حَابِق ḥābiq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَحْبُوق maḥbūq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَبَقْتُ ḥabaqtu	حَبَقْتَ ḥabaqta	حَبَقَ ḥabaqa	حَبَقْتُمَا ḥabaqtumā	حَبَقَا ḥabaqā	حَبَقْنَا ḥabaqnā	حَبَقْتُمْ ḥabaqtum	حَبَقُوا ḥabaqū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	حَبَقْتُ ḥabaqtu	حَبَقْتِ ḥabaqti	حَبَقَتْ ḥabaqat	حَبَقْتُمَا ḥabaqtumā	حَبَقَتَا ḥabaqatā	حَبَقْنَا ḥabaqnā	حَبَقْتُنَّ ḥabaqtunna	حَبَقْنَ ḥabaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحْبِقُ ʔaḥbiqu	تَحْبِقُ taḥbiqu	يَحْبِقُ yaḥbiqu	تَحْبِقَانِ taḥbiqāni	يَحْبِقَانِ yaḥbiqāni	نَحْبِقُ naḥbiqu	تَحْبِقُونَ taḥbiqūna	يَحْبِقُونَ yaḥbiqūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَحْبِقُ ʔaḥbiqu	تَحْبِقِينَ taḥbiqīna	تَحْبِقُ taḥbiqu	تَحْبِقَانِ taḥbiqāni	تَحْبِقَانِ taḥbiqāni	نَحْبِقُ naḥbiqu	تَحْبِقْنَ taḥbiqna	يَحْبِقْنَ yaḥbiqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحْبِقَ ʔaḥbiqa	تَحْبِقَ taḥbiqa	يَحْبِقَ yaḥbiqa	تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā	يَحْبِقَا yaḥbiqā	نَحْبِقَ naḥbiqa	تَحْبِقُوا taḥbiqū	يَحْبِقُوا yaḥbiqū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَحْبِقَ ʔaḥbiqa	تَحْبِقِي taḥbiqī	تَحْبِقَ taḥbiqa	تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā	تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā	نَحْبِقَ naḥbiqa	تَحْبِقْنَ taḥbiqna	يَحْبِقْنَ yaḥbiqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحْبِقْ ʔaḥbiq	تَحْبِقْ taḥbiq	يَحْبِقْ yaḥbiq	تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā	يَحْبِقَا yaḥbiqā	نَحْبِقْ naḥbiq	تَحْبِقُوا taḥbiqū	يَحْبِقُوا yaḥbiqū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَحْبِقْ ʔaḥbiq	تَحْبِقِي taḥbiqī	تَحْبِقْ taḥbiq	تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā	تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā	نَحْبِقْ naḥbiq	تَحْبِقْنَ taḥbiqna	يَحْبِقْنَ yaḥbiqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِحْبِقْ iḥbiq		اِحْبِقَا iḥbiqā			اِحْبِقُوا iḥbiqū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِحْبِقِي iḥbiqī		اِحْبِقَا iḥbiqā			اِحْبِقْنَ iḥbiqna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	حُبِقَ ḥubiqa	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُحْبَقُ yuḥbaqu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُحْبَقَ yuḥbaqa	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُحْبَقْ yuḥbaq	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Noun

حَبْق • (ḥabq) m (obsolete)

verbal noun of حَبَقَ (ḥabaqa) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun **حَبْق** (ḥabq)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَبْق ḥabq	الْحَبْق al-ḥabq	حَبْق ḥabq
nominative	حَبْقٌ ḥabqun	الْحَبْقُ al-ḥabqu	حَبْقُ ḥabqu
accusative	حَبْقًا ḥabqan	الْحَبْقَ al-ḥabqa	حَبْقَ ḥabqa
genitive	حَبْقٍ ḥabqin	الْحَبْقِ al-ḥabqi	حَبْقِ ḥabqi

Etymology 2

From the root ح ب ق (ḥ b q) meaning “to break wind or pass gas”, “to change the smell of air”; originally applied to a wide range of odorous herbs, so called for the aroma released when rubbing such plants. See رَيْحَان (rayḥān, “basil”) for similar semantic development. Cognates with Classical Syriac ܚܘܟܐ (ḥawkā, “basil”) which has been borrowed as حَوْك (ḥawk); although the ending of the form حَبَاقَى (ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا (ḥabāqā), which was used in the sense of “sweet clover (Melilotus); horned trefoil (Trigonella corniculata)” in 9th century Iraq,^[1]^[2] may point to a loan from Aramaic, of which the Syriac and Arabic would be the only, late remnants.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħa.baq/

Noun

حَبَق • (ḥabaq) m

a general name for aromatic Lamiaceae
1. (now especially) basil (Ocimum gen. et spp.)
2. (Classical Arabic) mint (Mentha spp.), when without any qualifier then usually pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)

Declension

Declension of noun **حَبَق** (ḥabaq)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَبَق ḥabaq	الْحَبَق al-ḥabaq	حَبَق ḥabaq
nominative	حَبَقٌ ḥabaqun	الْحَبَقُ al-ḥabaqu	حَبَقُ ḥabaqu
accusative	حَبَقًا ḥabaqan	الْحَبَقَ al-ḥabaqa	حَبَقَ ḥabaqa
genitive	حَبَقٍ ḥabaqin	الْحَبَقِ al-ḥabaqi	حَبَقِ ḥabaqi

Descendants

Maltese: ħabaq
→ Catalan: alfàbrega, alfabaguera, alfabreguera, alfàbega
→ Aragonese: albaca
→ Spanish: alhábega
→ Galician: alfábega
→ Ladino: alhavaka
→ Portuguese: alfavaca, alfabaca, alfádega, alfávega
→ Old Spanish: albafaca
- Spanish: albahaca
- Asturian: albahaca

References

Freytag, Georg (1830) “حبق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 336
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “حبق”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 369

^ In Ibn al-Bayṭār Compendium with taṣḥīf mentioned as an Iraqi word: حيافي: هو الحندقوقة بلغة أهل العراق وسيأتي; then حندقوقي بري: هو الذرق والحباقي; an actual employment of حباقا is in ʾAbū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī’s Book of Plants, whence it was only copied, as a foreign word, in مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ] (a. 1050) Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, editors, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs] (in Arabic), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 389 (fol. 35r, 15–16), page 559, while 341 (fol. 32r, 13–16), page 520 from Ḥunayn ibn ʾIsḥāq’s Kunnāš as a Ḥīrīy designation.
^ But all registers of Andalusian Arabic used حَبَق (ḥabaq) for “basil”, حَبَاقَى (ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا (ḥabāqā) for this meaning is counterindicated by the Andalusi Arabic attestation, nor can one, like Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “albahaca”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 112 uninformedly does, explain the stresses of the Romance borrowings by an analogy with other Arabic borrowings like Spanish almazara, at best one may do this for the apparent singulative ending, for Classical Arabic and hence Maghrebi dialects always had oxytone stress in words containing no long syllable before the last, as has been made clear by Blau, Joshua (1972) “Middle and Old Arabic Material for the History of Stress in Arabic”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎^[1], volume 35, number 3, pages 476–484.

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ح ب ق
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic حَبَق (ḥabaq).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħa.baɡ/

Noun

حبق • (ḥabag) m

Ocimum (taxonomic plant genus)
Synonym: نعناع المدينة (niʕnāʕ al-madīna)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic حَبَق (ḥabaq).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħbaq/
Audio: (file)

Noun

حبق • (ḥbaq) m (plural حبوقة (ḥbūqa))

basil
vase
Synonym: فاز (vāz)

حط هاد النوار ف داك الحبق اللي على شمال ك.
ḥuṭṭ hād en-nuwwār f-dāk la-ḥbaq elli ʕla šmālak.
Put these flowers on that vase on your left.

[1] In Ibn al-Bayṭār Compendium with taṣḥīf mentioned as an Iraqi word: حيافي: هو الحندقوقة بلغة أهل العراق وسيأتي; then حندقوقي بري: هو الذرق والحباقي; an actual employment of حباقا is in ʾAbū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī’s Book of Plants, whence it was only copied, as a foreign word, in مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ] (a. 1050) Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, editors, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs] (in Arabic), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 389 (fol. 35r, 15–16), page 559, while 341 (fol. 32r, 13–16), page 520 from Ḥunayn ibn ʾIsḥāq’s Kunnāš as a Ḥīrīy designation.

[2] But all registers of Andalusian Arabic used حَبَق (ḥabaq) for “basil”, حَبَاقَى (ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا (ḥabāqā) for this meaning is counterindicated by the Andalusi Arabic attestation, nor can one, like Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “albahaca”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 112 uninformedly does, explain the stresses of the Romance borrowings by an analogy with other Arabic borrowings like Spanish almazara, at best one may do this for the apparent singulative ending, for Classical Arabic and hence Maghrebi dialects always had oxytone stress in words containing no long syllable before the last, as has been made clear by Blau, Joshua (1972) “Middle and Old Arabic Material for the History of Stress in Arabic”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎^[1], volume 35, number 3, pages 476–484.

[1]

[2]

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

References

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun