خلال
See also: حلال
Arabic
Etymology 1
Adverbial accusative of the plural of خَلَل (ḵalal, “gap”), i.e. “between the gap of”.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xi.laː.la/
Audio: (file)
Preposition
خِلَالَ • (ḵilāla)
- during, in the course of
- خِلَالَ القِسْمِ الأَكْبَرِ مِنْ القُرُونِ الوُسْطَى الأُورُوبِيَّة
- ḵilāla al-qismi l-ʔakbari min al-qurūni l-wusṭā l-ʔūrūbiyya
- during the most part of European Middle Ages
- 2009 July 5, “رئيس الاركان الامريكي يحذر من ضرب ايران”, in BBC Arabic[1]:
- قد تعهد خلال حملته الانتخابيَة بفتح حوار مع ايران
- qad taʕahhada xilāla ḥamlatihi al-ʔintixābiyyati bi-fataḥa ḥiwāran maʕa ʔīrān
- During his election campaign, he pledged to open dialogue with Iran.
Inflection
| base form | خِلَالَ (ḵilāla) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal-pronoun including forms | |||||
| singular | dual | plural | |||
| m | f | m | f | ||
| 1st person | خِلَالِي (ḵilālī) | خِلَالَنَا (ḵilālanā) | |||
| 2nd person | خِلَالَكَ (ḵilālaka) | خِلَالَكِ (ḵilālaki) | خِلَالَكُمَا (ḵilālakumā) | خِلَالَكُمْ (ḵilālakum) | خِلَالَكُنَّ (ḵilālakunna) |
| 3rd person | خِلَالَهُ (ḵilālahu) | خِلَالَهَا (ḵilālahā) | خِلَالَهُمَا (ḵilālahumā) | خِلَالَهُمْ (ḵilālahum) | خِلَالَهُنَّ (ḵilālahunna) |
Etymology 2
| Root |
|---|
| خ ل ل (ḵ l l) |
| 16 terms |
Noun
خِلَال • (ḵilāl) m (plural أَخِلَّة (ʔaḵilla))
- toothpick, spit, drill, and other instruments used for picking or perforating
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | خِلَال ḵilāl |
الْخِلَال al-ḵilāl |
خِلَال ḵilāl |
| nominative | خِلَالٌ ḵilālun |
الْخِلَالُ al-ḵilālu |
خِلَالُ ḵilālu |
| accusative | خِلَالًا ḵilālan |
الْخِلَالَ al-ḵilāla |
خِلَالَ ḵilāla |
| genitive | خِلَالٍ ḵilālin |
الْخِلَالِ al-ḵilāli |
خِلَالِ ḵilāli |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | خِلَالَيْن ḵilālayn |
الْخِلَالَيْن al-ḵilālayn |
خِلَالَيْ ḵilālay |
| nominative | خِلَالَانِ ḵilālāni |
الْخِلَالَانِ al-ḵilālāni |
خِلَالَا ḵilālā |
| accusative | خِلَالَيْنِ ḵilālayni |
الْخِلَالَيْنِ al-ḵilālayni |
خِلَالَيْ ḵilālay |
| genitive | خِلَالَيْنِ ḵilālayni |
الْخِلَالَيْنِ al-ḵilālayni |
خِلَالَيْ ḵilālay |
| plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أَخِلَّة ʔaḵilla |
الْأَخِلَّة al-ʔaḵilla |
أَخِلَّة ʔaḵillat |
| nominative | أَخِلَّةٌ ʔaḵillatun |
الْأَخِلَّةُ al-ʔaḵillatu |
أَخِلَّةُ ʔaḵillatu |
| accusative | أَخِلَّةً ʔaḵillatan |
الْأَخِلَّةَ al-ʔaḵillata |
أَخِلَّةَ ʔaḵillata |
| genitive | أَخِلَّةٍ ʔaḵillatin |
الْأَخِلَّةِ al-ʔaḵillati |
أَخِلَّةِ ʔaḵillati |
Descendants
Noun
خِلَال • (ḵilāl) m
- verbal noun of خَالَّ (ḵālla) (form III)
- friendship
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | خِلَال ḵilāl |
الْخِلَال al-ḵilāl |
خِلَال ḵilāl |
| nominative | خِلَالٌ ḵilālun |
الْخِلَالُ al-ḵilālu |
خِلَالُ ḵilālu |
| accusative | خِلَالًا ḵilālan |
الْخِلَالَ al-ḵilāla |
خِلَالَ ḵilāla |
| genitive | خِلَالٍ ḵilālin |
الْخِلَالِ al-ḵilāli |
خِلَالِ ḵilāli |
Etymology 3
Occupational noun denominal from خَلّ (ḵall, “vinegar”).
Noun
خَلَّال • (ḵallāl) m (plural خَلَّالُونَ (ḵallālūna), feminine خَلَّالَة (ḵallāla))
- vinegar maker or seller
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||||
| indefinite | definite | construct | indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | خَلَّال ḵallāl |
الْخَلَّال al-ḵallāl |
خَلَّال ḵallāl |
خَلَّالَة ḵallāla |
الْخَلَّالَة al-ḵallāla |
خَلَّالَة ḵallālat |
| nominative | خَلَّالٌ ḵallālun |
الْخَلَّالُ al-ḵallālu |
خَلَّالُ ḵallālu |
خَلَّالَةٌ ḵallālatun |
الْخَلَّالَةُ al-ḵallālatu |
خَلَّالَةُ ḵallālatu |
| accusative | خَلَّالًا ḵallālan |
الْخَلَّالَ al-ḵallāla |
خَلَّالَ ḵallāla |
خَلَّالَةً ḵallālatan |
الْخَلَّالَةَ al-ḵallālata |
خَلَّالَةَ ḵallālata |
| genitive | خَلَّالٍ ḵallālin |
الْخَلَّالِ al-ḵallāli |
خَلَّالِ ḵallāli |
خَلَّالَةٍ ḵallālatin |
الْخَلَّالَةِ al-ḵallālati |
خَلَّالَةِ ḵallālati |
| dual | masculine | feminine | ||||
| indefinite | definite | construct | indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | خَلَّالَيْن ḵallālayn |
الْخَلَّالَيْن al-ḵallālayn |
خَلَّالَيْ ḵallālay |
خَلَّالَتَيْن ḵallālatayn |
الْخَلَّالَتَيْن al-ḵallālatayn |
خَلَّالَتَيْ ḵallālatay |
| nominative | خَلَّالَانِ ḵallālāni |
الْخَلَّالَانِ al-ḵallālāni |
خَلَّالَا ḵallālā |
خَلَّالَتَانِ ḵallālatāni |
الْخَلَّالَتَانِ al-ḵallālatāni |
خَلَّالَتَا ḵallālatā |
| accusative | خَلَّالَيْنِ ḵallālayni |
الْخَلَّالَيْنِ al-ḵallālayni |
خَلَّالَيْ ḵallālay |
خَلَّالَتَيْنِ ḵallālatayni |
الْخَلَّالَتَيْنِ al-ḵallālatayni |
خَلَّالَتَيْ ḵallālatay |
| genitive | خَلَّالَيْنِ ḵallālayni |
الْخَلَّالَيْنِ al-ḵallālayni |
خَلَّالَيْ ḵallālay |
خَلَّالَتَيْنِ ḵallālatayni |
الْخَلَّالَتَيْنِ al-ḵallālatayni |
خَلَّالَتَيْ ḵallālatay |
| plural | masculine | feminine | ||||
| sound masculine plural | sound feminine plural | |||||
| indefinite | definite | construct | indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | خَلَّالِين ḵallālīn |
الْخَلَّالِين al-ḵallālīn |
خَلَّالِي ḵallālī |
خَلَّالَات ḵallālāt |
الْخَلَّالَات al-ḵallālāt |
خَلَّالَات ḵallālāt |
| nominative | خَلَّالُونَ ḵallālūna |
الْخَلَّالُونَ al-ḵallālūna |
خَلَّالُو ḵallālū |
خَلَّالَاتٌ ḵallālātun |
الْخَلَّالَاتُ al-ḵallālātu |
خَلَّالَاتُ ḵallālātu |
| accusative | خَلَّالِينَ ḵallālīna |
الْخَلَّالِينَ al-ḵallālīna |
خَلَّالِي ḵallālī |
خَلَّالَاتٍ ḵallālātin |
الْخَلَّالَاتِ al-ḵallālāti |
خَلَّالَاتِ ḵallālāti |
| genitive | خَلَّالِينَ ḵallālīna |
الْخَلَّالِينَ al-ḵallālīna |
خَلَّالِي ḵallālī |
خَلَّالَاتٍ ḵallālātin |
الْخَلَّالَاتِ al-ḵallālāti |
خَلَّالَاتِ ḵallālāti |
Etymology 4
Noun
خِلَال • (ḵilāl) pl
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic خِلَال (ḵilāl, “toothpick”).
Noun
خلال • (hilal) (plural اخله (ahle))
- toothpick, a small stick for removing food residue from between the teeth
- Synonym: كوردان (kürdan)
- earpick, auriscalp, a small instrument for removing earwax from the ear
- space or place, opening, interval, room, between two or among many things
Derived terms
- خلال اوتی (hilal otu, “toothpickweed”)
- خلالی (hilalî, “maker or seller of toothpicks”)
Descendants
- Turkish: hilal
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hilal2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1965
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “hilâl”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 441
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خلال”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 548
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Dentiscalpium”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 352
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “خلال”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, column 1926
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hilal”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خلال”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 859
South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Arabic خِلَالَ (ḵilāla).
Pronunciation
Preposition
خلال • (ḵilāl)