دستور

From Persian دستور (dastur).

• IPA^(key): /dus.tuːr/
  • (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /dɪsˈtuːr/, (proscribed) /dɪsˈtoːr/

دُسْتُور • (dustūr) m (plural دَسَاتِير (dasātīr))

1. (law, government) constitution
2. rule, guideline
3. set of rules
4. action rule
5. model

• دُسْتُورِيّ (dustūriyy, “constitutional”)

• → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
  • Turkish: düstur
• → Swahili: desturi

Borrowed from Arabic دُسْتُور (dustūr, “rule, set of rules”), from Persian دستور (dastur, “command, order”).

دستور • (düstur) (definite accusative دستوری (düsturu), plural دستورلر (düsturlar))

1. plenipotentiary, a person invested with full powers, especially a minister or a functionary
2. (Zoroastrianism) dastur, a Zoroastrian high priest ranking above a mobad or herbad
3. permission, authorization, granting, leave, a formal consent from someone in authority

   Synonyms: اجازت (icazet), اذن (izn, izin), رخصت (ruhsat), مساعده (müsâʼade)

4. (law) code, a systematic collection of statutes set forth by a process of codification

• Turkish: düstur

• Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), “düstur”, in The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “düstur”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1332
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “دستور”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 224a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دستور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 572
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Licentia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 948
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دستور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2079
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “düstur”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دستور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 903

Multiple origins have been proposed:

• From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
• From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).^[1]
• Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite [script needed] (dassu-, “strong”).^[2]

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

دستور • (dastūr / dastur) (plural دستورها (dastūr-hā / dastur-hâ), or دستورات (dastūrāt / dasturât), Tajik spelling дастур)

1. command, order
2. method, manner, procedure, way
3. guideline, rule
4. permission, leave, authority
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1715:

     اذکروا الله شاه ما دستور داد
     اندر آتش دید ما را نور داد

     azkurū Allāh šāh-i mā dastūr dād
     andar ātiš dīd mā rā nūr dād

     Our King (God) has given permission, (saying), “Commemorate Allah”:
     He saw us in the fire and gave us light.

5. basis, foundation
6. model, example, exemplar
7. (law, government) constitution
8. (archaic) statesman, vizier
9. (linguistics) grammar
10. (Zoroastrianism) dastur

• → Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
    • Turkish: düstur
  • → Swahili: desturi
• → Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)
• → English: dastur
• → Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: दस्तूर (dastūr)

  Urdu: دَسْتُور (dastūr)

• → Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)
• → Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)

  Northern Kurdish: destûr

• → Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
  • Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
• → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)
• → Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)
• → Uyghur: دەستۇر (destur)

• “DASTŪR”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, 1994

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَسْتُور (dastūr).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əs.t̪uːɾ/
• Rhymes: -uːɾ

دَسْتُور • (dastūr) m (Hindi spelling दस्तूर)

1. command, order
2. constitution
3. guideline, rule
4. (Zoroastrianism) dastur