هنر
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian هنر (honar, “art; craft, ability”), from Middle Persian 𐫍𐫇𐫗𐫡 (hwnr /hunar/, “virtue, ability, skill”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎼 (ʰuvnara, “talent, capability”).
Noun
هنر • (hüner) (definite accusative هنری (hüneri), plural هنرلر (hünerler))
- craft, dexterity, ingenuity, adroitness, the ability to solve difficult problems in original, clever, and inventive ways
- ability, skill, talent, competence, the innate, learned, or acquired capacity or competence to do something well
- art, the conscious production or arrangement of elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions
Derived terms
- هنر صاتمق (hüner satmak, “to pretend to be clever”)
- هنر كوسترمك (hüner göstermek, “to exhibit a skill or talent”)
- هنربند (hünerbend, “skillful performer”)
- هنرسز (hünersiz, “talentless”)
- هنرلو (hünerli, “talented, skillful”)
- هنرمندی (hünermendi, “quality or act of a talented man”)
- هنرپرور (hüner-perver, “talent scout”)
Descendants
- Turkish: hüner
- → Greek: χουνέρι (chounéri)
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hüner1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2020
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “هنر”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 497b
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “هنر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1329a
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Ars”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 86
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “هنر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 5504
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hüner”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “هنر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2172
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwnl), 𐫍𐫇𐫗𐫡 (hwnr /hunar/, “virtue, ability, skill”), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎼 (ʰuvnara, “talent, capability”), from Proto-Iranian *hu-nara, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”) + *h₂nḗr (“man; power, force, vital energy”). Cognate with Old Armenian հնար (hnar, “means, way”) (from Iranian), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬭𐬀 m (hunara, “skill, strength”), Sanskrit सूनर (sū-nára, “possessing vital strength, mighty, prosperous, beautiful”).
Compare also formally identical formations in other Indo-European languages: Old Irish so-nirt, so-nairt (“strong”), Welsh hy-nerth (“mighty”), Ancient Greek εὐ-ήνωρ (eu-ḗnōr, “manly”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /hu.ˈnaɾ/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [hʊ.nǽɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ho.nǽɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [hu.nǽɾ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | hunar |
| Dari reading? | hunar |
| Iranian reading? | honar |
| Tajik reading? | hunar |
Audio (Iran): (file) - Rhymes: -ar
Noun
| Dari | هنر |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | ҳунар |
هنر • (honar) (plural هنرها)
- art
- هنرهای تجسمی ― honar-hâ-ye tajasomi ― visual arts
- هنرهای زیبا ― honar-hâ-ye zibâ ― fine arts
- (archaic) craft, ability, art
- (archaic) knowledge, wisdom
- (archaic) virtue, merit, excellence
- Synonyms: لیاقت (līyāqat), فضیلت (fazīlat)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Armenian: հունար (hunar), հյուներ (hyuner)
- → Azerbaijani: hünər
- → Baluchi: ہنر (hwnər)
- → Bashkir: һөнәр (hönər)
- → Georgian: უნარი (unari)
- → Gujarati: હુન્નર (hunnar)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: हुनर (hunar)
- Urdu: ہُنَر (hunar)
- → Kazakh: өнер (öner)
- → Kurdish:
- → Kyrgyz: өнөр (önör)
- → Ottoman Turkish: هنر (hüner)
- Turkish: hüner
- → Greek: χουνέρι (chounéri)
- → Pashto: هنر (hunár)
- → Punjabi: hunar
- Gurmukhi script: ਹੁਨਰ
- Shahmukhi script: ہُنَر
- → Sindhi: hunaro
- → Uyghur: ھۇنەر (huner)
- → Uzbek: hunar
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հնար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 104b
- Boyce, Mary (1977) “hwnr”, in A word-list of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Acta Iranica 9a, Série 3 – “Textes et mémoires”, vol. 2-supplément)[6], with a reverse index by Ronald Zwanziger, Leiden, Tehran-Liège: E.J. Brill, Bibliothèque Pahlavi, page 49
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 1108, pages 247–248
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 181
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “hunar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 44
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][7] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 493
- Nyberg, H. S. (1974) A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 102b
- Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 891
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 765
- Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 479