گناه

See also: كناه

Persian

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wnʾs /⁠wināh⁠/), 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫍 (wynʾh /⁠wināh⁠/, “sin, crime”), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian preverb *vi- (from Proto-Indo-European *wí (“apart, against”)) and the root *nas- (“to disappear; to perish”), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, to disappear”). Akin to Old Armenian վնաս (vnas) (from Iranian), Old Georgian უნასი (unasi) (from Iranian), Baluchi [script needed] (gināsk), Northern Kurdish binas (binās) and Sanskrit विनाश (vināśa).

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊ.nɑ́ːʱ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊ.nɑ́ː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡu.nɔ́ː]


Iranian Persian	گناه
Dari	گناه
Tajik	гуноҳ

گناه • (gonâh) (plural گناهان (gonâhân), or گناه‌ها (gonâh-hâ))

sin
crime, guilt
- 11th century, Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-e Beyhaqi[1]
  امیر گفت: پس از حسنک درین باب چه گناه بوده است؟ که اگر راه بادیه آمدی در خون آنهمه خلق شدی
  amir goft: "pas az hasanak darin bâb če gonâh bude ast? ke agar râh-e bâdiye âmadi, dar xun-e ânhame xalq šodi."
  Amir said: "So what was Hasanak's crime here? For if he would come through the desert route, he would have been responsible for the blood of so many people."

→ Tajik: гуноҳ (gunoh)
- → Uzbek: gunoh
→ Arabic: جُنَاح (junāḥ) (from Middle Persian)
- → Persian: جناح (jonâh) (rare)
→ Azerbaijani: günəh, günah
- → Armenian:
  - Karabakh: գո̈ւնա̈հ (günäh)
→ Bashkir: гонаһ (gonah)
→ Dungan: гўнахар (gwnahar)
→ Kazakh: күнә (künä)
→ Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: گوناح (gunaḧ), گوناھ (gunah)
- Northern Kurdish: gune, guneh, guna, gunah
→ Kyrgyz: күнөө (künöö)
→ Ottoman Turkish: گناه (günah), جناه (cünah), կիւնահ (günah) — Armeno-Turkish
- Turkish: günah
- → Albanian: gjynah
- → Armenian: (Constantinople) գո̈ւնահ (günah), (Van) գո̈ւնախ (günax)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ђу̀на̄х
  Latin script: đùnāh
→ Punjabi: ਗੁਨਾਹ (gunāh)
→ Rohingya: guná
→ Tatar: гөнаһ (gönah)
→ Turkmen: günä / гүнә
→ Urdu: گناہ (gunāh)
→ Uyghur: گۇنا (guna), گۇناھ (gunah)
→ Zazaki: guna

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wināh”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 91
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “վնաս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 347
Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 282ff
Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “vinās”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 213a