अप्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- অপ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬧ᭄ (Balinese script)
- অপ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰢𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀧𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- အပ် (Burmese script)
- અપ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਪ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌪𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦥ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂣𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಪ್ (Kannada script)
- អប៑ (Khmer script)
- ອປ຺ (Lao script)
- അപ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᢒ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘢𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢒ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧂𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐥𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଅପ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢦ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆥𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖢𑖿 (Siddham script)
- අප් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩰 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚞𑚶 (Takri script)
- அப் (Tamil script)
- అప్ (Telugu script)
- อปฺ (Thai script)
- ཨ་པ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒣𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨞𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓp-s ~ *h₂ép-s, from *h₂ep-..
Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /apiyā/, “into the water”), Tocharian B āp (“water”), Hittite 𒄩𒉺𒀀 (ḫa-pa-a, “towards the river”), Persian آب (âb), Latin amnis (“river”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ́p/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐp/
Noun
अप् • (áp) stem, f
- water (also personified as a deity)
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:जल
- (astronomy) the star δ Virginis in Virgo
Usage notes
In Vedic Sanskrit, used both in singular and in plural; in Classical Sanskrit, only in plural.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अप् (áp) | अपौ (ápau) अपा¹ (ápā¹) |
आपस् (ā́pas) |
| accusative | अपम् (ápam) | अपौ (ápau) अपा¹ (ápā¹) |
अपः (ápaḥ) |
| instrumental | अपा (apā́) | अद्भ्याम् (adbhyā́m) | अद्भिः (adbhíḥ) |
| dative | अपे (apé) | अद्भ्याम् (adbhyā́m) | अद्भ्यः (adbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | अपः (apáḥ) | अद्भ्याम् (adbhyā́m) | अद्भ्यः (adbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | अपः (apáḥ) | अपोः (apóḥ) | अपाम् (apā́m) |
| locative | अपि (apí) | अपोः (apóḥ) | अप्सु (apsú) |
| vocative | अप् (áp) | अपौ (ápau) अपा¹ (ápā¹) |
आपस् (ā́pas) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- अपःसंवर्त (apaḥsaṃvarta)
- अपां नपात् (apā́ṃ nápāt)
- अपां वत्स (apāṃ vatsa)
- अप्कृत्स्नम् (apkṛtsnam)
- अप्चर (apcara)
- अप्पति (appati)
- अप्पित्तम (appittama)
- अप्सरस् (apsaras)
- अब्ज (abja)
- आप्त्य (āptya)
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (âu)
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (aw)
- Pali: āpa
- → Old Marathi: आप (āpa) (learned)
- → Bengali: অপ (op) (learned)
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “अप्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 47, column 3.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “ap”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.