इष्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • ইষ্ (Assamese script)
  • ᬇᬱ᭄ (Balinese script)
  • ইষ্ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰂𑰬𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀇𑀱𑁆 (Brahmi script)
  • ဣၑ် (Burmese script)
  • ઇષ્ (Gujarati script)
  • ਇਸ਼੍ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌇𑌷𑍍 (Grantha script)
  • ꦆꦰ꧀ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂅𑂭𑂹 (Kaithi script)
  • ಇಷ್ (Kannada script)
  • ឥឞ៑ (Khmer script)
  • ອິຩ຺ (Lao script)
  • ഇഷ് (Malayalam script)
  • ᡳᢢ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘂𑘬𑘿 (Modi script)
  • ᠢᢔ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦢𑧌𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐂𑐲𑑂 (Newa script)
  • ଇଷ୍ (Odia script)
  • ꢄꢰ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆅𑆰𑇀 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖂𑖬𑖿 (Siddham script)
  • ඉෂ් (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩐𑩑𑪀 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚂𑚶 (Takri script)
  • இஷ் (Tamil script)
  • ఇష్ (Telugu script)
  • อิษฺ (Thai script)
  • ཨི་ཥ྄ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒃𑒭𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨀𑨁𑨯𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hiś, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys-.[1][2] Cognate with Proto-Slavic *jьskati (“to seek”), Latin aestimō (“to value, estimate”) and English ask.

Root

इष् • (iṣ)

  1. to desire, wish, long for, request, particularly:
    1. to intend or be about to do
    2. to strive to obtain
    3. to ask for
    4. to assent, be favourable, concede
    5. to choose
  2. to acknowledge, maintain, regard, think
  3. (passive voice) to be wanted, particularly:
    1. to be liked
    2. to be asked for or requested
    3. to be prescribed or ordered
    4. to be approved or acknowledged
    5. to be accepted or regarded as
    6. to be worth
    7. to be wanted as a desideratum
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root इष् (0 c, 10 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root इष् (6 c, 0 e)
Primary Verbal Forms
  • इच्छति (iccháti) (Present)
  • एषिष्यति (eṣiṣyáti) (Future)
  • एषिता (eṣitā) (Periphrastic Future)
  • एष्टा (eṣṭā) (Periphrastic Future)
  • ऐषीत् (áiṣīt) (Aorist)
  • ऐषत् (áiṣat) (Aorist)
  • इयेष (iyéṣa) (Perfect)
Secondary Forms
  • इष्यते (iṣyate) (Passive)
  • एषयति (eṣayati) (Causative)
  • ऐषिषत् (áiṣiṣat) (Causative Aorist)
  • एषिषिषति (eṣiṣiṣati) (Desiderative)
Non-Finite Forms
  • इष्ट (iṣṭá) (Past Participle)
  • एष्टुम् (éṣṭum) (Infinitive)
  • एष्टवै (eṣṭavái) (Infinitive)
  • एषितुम् (eṣitum) (Infinitive)
  • इष्टये (iṣṭáye) (Infinitive)
  • इषणि (iṣáṇi) (Infinitive)
  • इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) (Gerund)
  • इषित्वा (iṣitvā) (Gerund)
  • एष्य (eṣyà) (Gerundive)
  • एषणीय (eṣaṇī́ya) (Gerundive)
  • एष्टव्य (eṣṭavyà) (Gerundive)
  • एषितव्य (eṣitavya) (Gerundive)
  • एषित (eṣita) (Causative Past Participle)
Derived Nominal Forms
Prefixed Root Forms
  • अधीष् (adhīṣ)
  • अन्विष् (anviṣ)
  • अभीष् (abhīṣ)
  • उपेष् (upeṣ)
  • एष् (eṣ)
  • परीष् (parīṣ)
  • प्रतीष् (pratīṣ)
  • वीष् (vīṣ)
  • समिष् (samiṣ)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hiṣ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to power, drive”).[3][4][5]

Root

इष् • (iṣ)

  1. to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing
  2. to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge
  3. to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim
  4. to impel, incite, animate, promote
  5. to endeavour to make favourable
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root इष् (0 c, 10 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root इष् (6 c, 0 e)
Primary Verbal Forms
  • इष्णाति (iṣṇā́ti) (Present)
  • इष्यति (íṣyati) (Present)
  • इषयति (iṣáyati) (Present)
Non-Finite Forms
  • इषित (iṣitá) (Past Participle)
  • इषध्यै (iṣádhyai) (Infinitive)
Derived Nominal Forms
  • इष् (íṣ)
  • इषण्या (iṣaṇyā́, “instigation”)
  • इषिर (iṣirá)
  • इष्टि (iṣṭí, “despatch, urging on”)
  • इष्मिन् (iṣmín)
  • एष (éṣa, “hurrying”)
  • एष (eṣá, “quick”)
Prefixed Root Forms

References

  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “ẸS1”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 270-71
  2. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “eṣ [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 199-200
  3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “ẸS2”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 271-72
  4. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “eṣ [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 200
  5. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 234

Further reading

  • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “इष्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “iṣ”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
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