या
Braj
Pronoun
या (yā)
- oblique of यह (yah)
- Synonym: इहिं (ihĩ)
See also
- इस (is) (hindi eqivalent)
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /jɑː/, [jäː]
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Classical Persian یا (yā).
Conjunction
या • (yā) (Urdu spelling یا)
Etymology 2
Interjection
या • (yā) (Urdu spelling یا)
- O (vocative particle)
Nepali
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jä]
- Phonetic Devanagari: या
Conjunction
या • (yā)
Newar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ja]
Postposition
या • (yā) (Newa Spelling 𑐫𑐵)
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Pronoun
या f
- Devanagari script form of yā (“who”)
Declension
Declension table of "या" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | या (yā) | यायो (yāyo) or या (yā) |
| Accusative (second) | यं (yaṃ) | यायो (yāyo) or या (yā) |
| Instrumental (third) | याय (yāya) | याहि (yāhi) or याभि (yābhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | याय (yāya) or यस्सा (yassā) | यासं (yāsaṃ) or यासानं (yāsānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | याय (yāya) | याहि (yāhi) or याभि (yābhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | याय (yāya) or यस्सा (yassā) | यासं (yāsaṃ) or यासानं (yāsānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | याय (yāya) or यायं (yāyaṃ) or यस्सं (yassaṃ) | यासु (yāsu) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- যা (Assamese script)
- ᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
- যা (Bengali script)
- 𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ယာ (Burmese script)
- યા (Gujarati script)
- ਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦪꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಯಾ (Kannada script)
- យា (Khmer script)
- ຍາ (Lao script)
- യാ (Malayalam script)
- ᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଯା (Odia script)
- ꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
- යා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
- யா (Tamil script)
- యా (Telugu script)
- ยา (Thai script)
- ཡཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /jɑː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /jɑː/
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaH-, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to go”).
Root
या • (yā)
- to go, proceed, move, walk, set out, march, advance, travel, journey
- to go away, withdraw, retire
- to flee, escape
- to go towards or against, go or come to, enter, approach, arrive at, reach
- to go to a woman for sexual intercourse
- to go to for any purpose
- to extend to
- to last for
- to pass away, elapse (said of time)
- to vanish, disappear (as wealth)
- to come to pass, prosper, succeed
- to proceed, behave, act
- to find out, discover
- to receive or learn (a science) from
- to undertake, undergo
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root या (0 c, 9 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root या (17 c, 0 e)
- Primary Verbal Forms
- Secondary Forms
- यायते (yāyate) (Passive)
- यापयति (yāpáyati) (Causative)
- अयीयपत् (áyīyapat) (Causative Aorist)
- यियासति (yiyāsati) (Desiderative)
- याययते (yāyayate) (Intensive)
- यायेति (yāyeti) (Intensive)
- यायाति (yāyāti) (Intensive)
- Non-Finite Forms
- यात (yātá) (Past Participle)
- यातुम् (yātum) (Infinitive)
- यातवे (yā́tave) (Infinitive)
- यातवै (yā́tavái) (Infinitive)
- यै (yái) (Infinitive)
- यात्वा (yātvā́) (Gerund)
- याय (yā́ya) (Gerund)
- यायम् (yāyam) (Gerund)
- यातव्य (yātavya) (Gerundive)
- याप्य (yāpya) (Causative Gerundive)
- यियासु (yiyāsu) (Desiderative Participle)
- Derived Nominal Forms
- Prefixed Root Forms
Noun
या • (yā) stem, f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | याः (yāḥ) | यौ (yau) या¹ (yā¹) |
याः (yāḥ) |
| accusative | याम् (yām) | यौ (yau) या¹ (yā¹) |
याः (yāḥ) यः² (yaḥ²) |
| instrumental | या (yā) | याभ्याम् (yābhyām) | याभिः (yābhiḥ) |
| dative | ये (ye) | याभ्याम् (yābhyām) | याभ्यः (yābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | यः (yaḥ) | याभ्याम् (yābhyām) | याभ्यः (yābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | यः (yaḥ) | योः (yoḥ) | यानाम् (yānām) याम्² (yām²) |
| locative | यि (yi) | योः (yoḥ) | यासु (yāsu) |
| vocative | याः (yāḥ) | यौ (yau) या¹ (yā¹) |
याः (yāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Perhaps
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to beg, request”). Cognate with Tocharian B yāsk- (“to beg”), Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, ardor”), Old Irish áilid (“wishes strongly, implores”). याच् (yāc) is likely an enlargement of the root.
Root
या • (yā)
Derived terms
- अवया (avayā)
- अवयान (avayāna)
- इयान (iyāna)
- यामन् (yāman)
- यासिषीष्ठास् (yāsiṣīṣṭhās)
- यासीष्ट (yāsīṣṭa)
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
या • (yā́)
- nominative singular feminine of यद् (yád)
- (Vedic) nominative/accusative dual masculine of यद् (yád)
- Synonym: यौ (yáu)
- (Vedic) nominative/accusative plural neuter of यद् (yád)
- Synonym: यानि (yā́ni)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 838/2, 849/1.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 131
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “yā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 407-408
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 617-8
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210