乞人

Chinese

		beg	man; person; people
simp. and trad. (乞人)		乞	人

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qǐrén

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ ㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hat¹ jan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qǐrén
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǐrén
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi³-jên²
  - Yale: chǐ-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiiren
  - Palladius: цижэнь (cižɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hat¹ jan⁴
  - Yale: hāt yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hat⁷ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hed¹ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/

Middle Chinese: khj+t nyin

Rime
Character	乞	人
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	迄 (58)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	去迄切	如鄰切
Baxter	khj+t	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨt̚/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨt̚/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiət̚/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨt̚/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/kʰiət̚/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/kʰĭət̚/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ət̚/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hat¹	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰət ni[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯd njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乞	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ khjɨt ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰət/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	beg, ask	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乞	人
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	10082	10800
Phonetic component	乞	人
Rime group	物	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime		仁
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯd/	/*njin/
Notes	氣的轉註字從乞與從氣同

Noun

乞人

(literary) beggar
- 呼爾而與之，行道之人弗受；蹴爾而與之，乞人不屑也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  呼尔而与之，行道之人弗受；蹴尔而与之，乞人不屑也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Hū ěr ér yǔ zhī, xíngdào zhī rén fú shòu; cù ěr ér yǔ zhī, qǐrén bùxiè yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 乞丐 (“beggar”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		乞人, 乞丐, 乞兒, 丐者, 丐
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		乞丐
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	要飯的, 要飯兒的, 老花子, 叫花子, 看街的, 抱火盆兒的
	Taiwan	乞丐
	Langfang	要飯的
	Ulanhot	要飯的, 要飯花子
	Tongliao	要飯的
	Chifeng	要飯的
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	要飯的
	Harbin	叫花子, 要飯花子
	Singapore	乞丐
Jilu Mandarin	Tangshan	花子
	Cangzhou	要飯的
	Baoding	要飯的
	Shijiazhuang	要飯的
	Jinan	要飯的, 叫花子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	要飯兒的, 叫花子, 要飯的, 花子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	叫花子, 要飯吃的, 靠門傍子
	Daming	要飯吃哩
	Wanrong	要飯的, 尋饃的
	Zhengzhou	要飯哩
	Xi'an	要飯的, 叫花子
	Xining	尋口, 要饃饃的
	Yanqi	要乜貼
	Xuzhou	要飯的
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	抄花子, 討吃, 要乜貼的, 要的吃的
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	討吃, 薩衣爾, 薩衣, 要乜貼的
	Bayanhot	討吃, 要飯的
	Lanzhou	要飯的, 要要吃
	Ürümqi	要飯的
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	叫花子, 討口子
	Wuhan	告花子, 花子, 討飯的, 要飯的, 乞丐, 討米的, 睡門樓的
	Guiyang	叫化子
	Kunming	花子, 叫花子, 要飯的
	Liuzhou	討飯佬, 叫化子, 叫化
	Dagudi (Maliba)	叫花子
	Reshuitang (Longling)	要飯人
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	叫花子, 討飯人
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	要飯的, 叫花子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	花子, 要飯花子, 要飯的
	Yangzhou	花子, 要飯花子, 要飯的, 告花子
	Xinghua	花子, 要飯的, 討飯的
	Nantong	告花子, 討飯子
	Hefei	要飯的, 叫花子
	Huanggang	告殼子
Mandarin	Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)	化子
Mandarin	Nanping (Yanping)	叫化子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	乞兒
	Hong Kong	乞兒
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	乞兒
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	乞兒, 乞兒佬
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	攞食佬
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	攞食佬
	Macau	乞兒
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	乞兒
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	乞兒
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	乞兒
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	乞食佬 male, 乞食婆 female, 乞食仔 young
	Foshan	乞兒
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	乞兒
	Foshan (Shunde)	乞兒
	Foshan (Sanshui)	乞兒
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	乞兒
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	乞兒
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	乞兒
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	乞兒
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	乞耳
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	乞兒
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	乞兒
	Taishan	乞米仔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	乞米仔
	Enping (Niujiang)	乞米仔
	Heshan (Yayao)	乞兒
	Dongguan	乞食佬 male, 乞食婆 female, 乞食仔 young
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	乞兒
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	攞食佬
	Qingyuan	乞兒
	Fogang	乞兒
	Yingde (Hanguang)	架化佬
	Yangshan	乞吃佬
	Lianshan (Butian)	狗化佬
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	叫化佬
	Shaoguan	乞兒
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	乞兒
	Renhua	乞兒, 乞兒佬
	Lechang	乞兒
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	乞兒
	Sihui	乞兒佬
	Guangning	乞兒
	Deqing	乞兒
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	乞吃
	Yunfu	乞兒
	Xinxing	乞兒
	Luoding	乞兒
	Yunan (Pingtai)	乞兒
	Yangjiang	乞兒, 乞米佬 male, 乞米婆 female
	Xinyi	乞兒
	Maoming (Xinpo)	乞兒
	Lianjiang	乞兒
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	乞兒, 乞兒佬 male, 乞兒婆 female
	Nanning	乞兒
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	覓吃佬
	Beihai	乞食佬
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	乞兒
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	乞兒
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	乞兒
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	乞兒
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	乞兒
	Móng Cái	乞兒
Gan	Nanchang	告化子, 討飯個
	Pengze	討飯個
	Lichuan	告化子, 乞兒
	Pingxiang	告化子, 花子, 討米個
Hakka	Meixian	告化仔, 討食個
	Xingning	告化哩
	Fengshun (Liuhuang)	乞食
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	攞食, 攞食佬 male, 攞食婆 female, 攞食仔 young
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	攞食佬
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	攞食
	Huiyang	攞食
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	攞食仔
	Huidong (Daling)	攞食
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	攞食佬 male, 攞食婆 female, 攞食仔 young
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	乞食佬, 攞食
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	攞食佬
	Boluo (Bendihua)	攞食伊, 攞食佬
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	攞食佬 male, 攞食婆 female, 攞食仔 young
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	乞兒
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	酌食哩, 乞丐
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	告化哩, 酌食個, 絡食個
	Wuhua (Changbu)	告化哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	絡食哩
	Wuhua (Meilin)	絡食哩
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	攞食的, 攞食
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	攞食佬
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	告化佬
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	攞食哎
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	告化
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	攞食
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	叫化
	Wengyuan	討食佬
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	告化子
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	叫化
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	攞食佬
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	狗化公
	Liannan	攞食佬
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	攞食佬
	Jiexi	乞食
	Luhe	乞食
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	乞食
	Changting	告化子, 告化
	Wuping	告化
	Wuping (Yanqian)	討食告化
	Wuping (Pingyu)	告化
	Ninghua	乞食
	Yudu	告化子
	Ningdu	教化
	Ruijin	告化
	Shicheng	告化
	Shangyou (Shexi)	告化子
	Tonggu (Sandu)	教化子
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	教化子
	Dayu	討飯佬
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	乞食仔, 乞食
	Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian)	乞食
	Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian)	乞食
	Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian)	乞食仔
	Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian)	乞食仔
	Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian)	乞食仔
	Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian)	乞食仔, 討食
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	乞食仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	乞食
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	打幫食, 乞食仔, 教化仔, 打幫仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	討食, 乞食
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	討食仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	討食仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	乞食仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	乞食, 仙人
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	乞食仔, 乞食
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	乞食
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	乞食
Hong Kong	攞食佬, 乞兒
Yangxi (Tangkou)	丐米佬
Yangchun (Sanjia)	丐食
Xinyi (Sihe)	乞兒
Xinyi (Qianpai)	乞兒
Gaozhou (Xindong)	乞兒佬
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	乞食佬
Huazhou (Xin'an)	乞兒
Lianjiang (Shijiao)	乞食佬
Lianjiang (Qingping)	乞食佬
Mengshan (Xihe)	乞兒
Luchuan	乞食佬
Sabah (Longchuan)	攞食佬
Senai (Huiyang)	攞食佬
Singkawang	乞食
Huizhou	Jixi	討飯仂, 討飯佬 humorous, 討飯鬼 derogatory, 討飯骨 derogatory, 討飯婆 woman
	Shexian	討飯唉
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	丐食, 討飯個
	Xiuning	丐食, 討飯仂
	Yixian	討飯漢
	Qimen	討飯個
	Wuyuan	討飯個, 討飯仂
Jin	Taiyuan	討吃吃, 討吃子, 要飯的, 叫花子
	Pingyao	叫花子
	Xinzhou	討吃子, 要窩窩哩
	Taibus (Baochang)	要飯的
	Linhe	討吃子
	Jining	討吃子
	Hohhot	討吃子
	Baotou	討吃子
	Dongsheng	討吃子
	Haibowan	討吃子
	Zhangjiakou	乞丐
	Handan	要飯哩
Northern Min	Jian'ou	化食
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	化食
	Songxi	化食
	Zhenghe	化食
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	化食
	Jianyang	化食
	Wuyishan	討飯
	Pucheng (Shibei)	化食
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	乞食
	Fuzhou (Changle)	乞食
	Fuqing	乞食
	Yongtai	乞食
	Gutian	乞食
	Pingnan	乞食
	Fu'an	乞食
	Ningde	乞食
	Shouning	乞食
	Zhouning	乞食
	Fuding	乞食
	Matsu	乞食
Southern Min	Xiamen	乞食
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	乞食
	Quanzhou	乞食
	Jinjiang	乞食, 分米的, 分食的, 乞食婆 female
	Hui'an	乞食
	Yongchun	乞食
	Zhangzhou	乞食
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	乞食
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	乞食
	Zhangpu	乞食
	Zhao'an	乞食
	Dongshan	乞食
	Taipei	乞食
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	乞食
	Kaohsiung	乞食
	Yilan	乞食
	Changhua (Lukang)	乞食
	Taichung	乞食
	Tainan	乞食
	Hsinchu	乞食
	Kinmen	乞食
	Penghu (Magong)	乞食
	Penang (Hokkien)	乞食, 乞食仔
	Singapore (Hokkien)	乞食
	Manila (Hokkien)	乞食
	Longyan	乞食
	Zhangping	乞食
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	乞食
	Datian	乞食
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	乞兒
	Chaozhou	乞食
	Shantou	乞食
	Shantou (Chenghai)	乞食
	Jieyang	乞食
	Haifeng	乞食
	Fengshun (Liuhuang)	乞食
	Bangkok (Teochew)	乞食
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	乞食
	Leizhou	乞食
	Wenchang	乞達
	Haikou	乞達
	Qionghai	乞達
Puxian Min	Putian	乞食
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	乞食
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	乞食
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	乞食
	Xianyou	乞食
	Xianyou (Fengting)	乞食
	Xianyou (Youyang)	乞食
	Fuding (Aoyao)	乞食
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	乞兒
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	乞兒
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	救化子, 乞兒
Wu	Shanghai	告花子, 癟三
	Shanghai (Chongming)	掛花子
	Suzhou	告花子, 癟三
	Danyang	告花子, 告花嫚嫚
	Hangzhou	叫花子, 討飯子
	Ningbo	告花子, 討飯
	Wenzhou	丐兒, 討飯丐兒, 討飯人, 取米丐兒, 取米個
	Jinhua	討飯, 討飯婆 woman
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	討飯老丐兒
Xiang	Changsha	告化子, 討飯的
	Xiangtan	告化子
	Loudi	叫化子, 叫化
	Shuangfeng	告化子
	Hengyang	告花子
	Quanzhou	乞丐

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (乞人):

→ Korean: 걸인(乞人) (georin)

Verb

乞人

(literary) to ask someone; to beg someone

Korean

Hanja in this term
乞	人

Noun

乞人 • (geol-in) (hangeul 걸인)

hanja form^? of 걸인 (“beggar”)

Related terms

乞丐 (걸개)
流乞 (유걸)
流丐 (유개)
丐乞 (개걸)