仰

See also: 𠈟 and 𠇩

仰	U+4EF0, 仰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EF0

← 仯
[U+4EEF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

仱 →
[U+4EF1]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

仰 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人竹女中 (OHVL) or 人竹山中 (OHUL), four-corner 2722₀, composition ⿰亻卬)

Derived characters

𱒟, 𰉫, 𨦪, 𬳖, 𩣍, 𦯒, 𬚣, 𫤋, 𠑕

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 94, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 400
Dae Jaweon: page 199, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 125, character 3
Unihan data for U+4EF0

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仰
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Small seal script s05776 Transcribed ancient scripts L35073 L35074 L17428 L17429 L17430 L17431
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (卬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
卬	ŋaːŋ, ŋaŋʔ
枊	ŋaːŋ, ŋaːŋs
昂	*ŋaːŋ
仰	ŋaŋʔ, ŋaŋs
迎	ŋaŋ, ŋraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaŋʔ, *ŋaŋs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		仰
alternative forms		𠈟𠇆𬽸佒𢓋

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎng (yang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁵ / ngong⁵
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ngong³
Eastern Min (BUC): ngiōng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngyorng³ / ngoeng³ / ngyoeng³ / ngyang³ / ngieng³ / ngieo³ / ngiao³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gióng / giáng

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngiang²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gnian; ⁵gnian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎng
  - Wade–Giles: yang³
  - Yale: yǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeang
  - Palladius: ян (jan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: joeng⁵ / ngong⁵
  - Yale: yéuhng / ngóhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁵ / ngong⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁵ / ngong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ¹³/, /ŋɔːŋ¹³/

Note: ngong5 - vernacular (also written as 昂).

Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngong³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋɔŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyoŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngyorng³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ngiô̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyɒŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Jiangkou, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngoeng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋœŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngyoeng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyøŋ³³²/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngyang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyɐŋ³³²/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ³³²/
- (Putian, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieu⁴⁵³/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngiao³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɐu⁴⁵³/

Note:

ngyorng3/ngoeng3/ngyoeng3/ngyang3/ngieng3 - literary (e.g. 敬仰);
ngieo3/ngiao3 - vernacular (e.g. 仰瓦).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gióng
  - Tâi-lô: gióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giorng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡiɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giáng
  - Tâi-lô: giáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giarng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiaŋ⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngiang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiaŋ⁵²/

Note: literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gnian; ⁵gnian
  - MiniDict: nyan^去; nyan^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyian; ²'nyian
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiã²³/, /n̠ʲiã³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 仰
Mandarin	Beijing	/iɑŋ²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/iaŋ²¹³/
	Tianjin	/iɑŋ¹³/
	Jinan	/iaŋ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/iaŋ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/iaŋ⁵³/
	Xi'an	/niaŋ⁵³/ /iaŋ⁵³/
	Xining	/iɔ̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/iɑŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/iɑ̃⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/iɑŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/iaŋ⁴²/
	Chengdu	/iaŋ⁵³/
	Guiyang	/niaŋ⁴²/
	Kunming	/niã̠⁵³/
	Nanjing	/liaŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/iɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iɒ̃⁵³/
	Pingyao	/iɑŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/iɑ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiã³⁵/ /ȵiã²³/
	Suzhou	/ȵiã⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiɑŋ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵi³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/nia³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵiau³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵian⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ȵian⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵiɔŋ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋioŋ³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jœŋ²³/
	Nanning	/jœŋ²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/jœŋ¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/giɔŋ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/nyoŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ŋiɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ŋiaŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/niaŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: ngjangX

Rime
Character	仰
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚兩切
Baxter	ngjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨaŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ŋiaŋ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋĭaŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯aŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋaŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjang^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ŋaŋʔ/
English	lift the face, look up
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仰
Reading #	1/2
No.	31
Phonetic component	卬
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ŋaŋʔ/

Definitions

仰

to raise the head to look
Antonym: 俯 (fǔ)
to look up to; to admire
to face upward; to flip
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to trace back
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in official documents in the old days; shows deference to a superior, and hope to a subordinate.
a surname

Compounds

久仰 (jiǔyǎng)
久仰大名 (jiǔyǎngdàmíng)
久仰山斗
人仰馬翻 / 人仰马翻 (rényǎngmǎfān)
仰不愧天
仰之彌高 / 仰之弥高 (yǎngzhīmígāo)
仰事俯畜
仰人鼻息 (yǎngrénbíxī)
仰光 (Yǎngguāng)
仰八叉
仰八腳兒 / 仰八脚儿
仰剌叉
仰天 (yǎngtiān)
仰天大笑
仰天太息
仰天長歎 / 仰天长叹
仰屋
仰屋竊歎 / 仰屋窃叹
仰屋興嘆 / 仰屋兴叹
仰屋著書 / 仰屋著书
仰息
仰慕 (yǎngmù)
仰承
仰攀
仰望 (yǎngwàng)
仰止
仰求
仰泳 (yǎngyǒng)
仰爬
仰看
仰視 / 仰视 (yǎngshì)
仰秣
仰翻
仰臥 / 仰卧 (yǎngwò)
仰藥 / 仰药 (yǎngyào)
仰觀 / 仰观 (yǎngguān)
仰觀俯察 / 仰观俯察
仰角 (yǎngjiǎo)
仰面 (yǎngmiàn)
仰韶
仰韶文化
仰首伸眉
信仰 (xìnyǎng)
俛仰 / 俯仰 (fǔyǎng)
俯仰 (fǔyǎng)
倒仰
俯仰之間 / 俯仰之间 (fǔyǎngzhījiān)
俯仰無愧 / 俯仰无愧 (fǔyǎngwúkuì)
俯仰由人
健仰
偃仰
六馬仰秣 / 六马仰秣
前仰後合 / 前仰后合
前俯後仰 / 前俯后仰
前合後仰 / 前合后仰
四仰八叉 (sìyǎngbāchā)
宗仰 (zōngyǎng)
宗教信仰 (zōngjiào xìnyǎng)
後仰前合 / 后仰前合
後合前仰 / 后合前仰
打仰
敬仰 (jìngyǎng)
景仰 (jǐngyǎng)
欽仰 / 钦仰 (qīnyǎng)
民間信仰 / 民间信仰 (mínjiān xìnyǎng)
沒投仰仗 / 没投仰仗
沒頭仰仗 / 没头仰仗
泛靈信仰 / 泛灵信仰
渴仰 (kěyǎng)
溈仰宗 / 沩仰宗
瞻仰 (zhānyǎng)
祗仰
與世俯仰 / 与世俯仰
與世偃仰 / 与世偃仰
鑽仰 / 钻仰
鑽堅仰高 / 钻坚仰高
馬仰人翻 / 马仰人翻 (mǎyǎngrénfān)
高山仰之
高山仰止 (gāoshānyǎngzhǐ)
高山安仰
鬼靈信仰 / 鬼灵信仰

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		仰
alternative forms		𠈟𠇆𬽸𢓋

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎng (yang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎng
  - Wade–Giles: yang³
  - Yale: yǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeang
  - Palladius: ян (jan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ǹg
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋ²¹³/

Note: vernacular.

Middle Chinese: ngjangH

Rime
Character	仰
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚向切
Baxter	ngjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ŋiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仰
Reading #	2/2
No.	33
Phonetic component	卬
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	𨋕
Old Chinese	/*ŋaŋs/

Definitions

仰

to rely on

Compounds

仰仗 (yǎngzhàng)
仰借
仰哺
仰成
仰杖 (yǎngzhàng)
仰給 / 仰给
仰給於人 / 仰给于人
仰賴 / 仰赖 (yǎnglài)
仰食 (yǎngshí)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 仰 – see 昂 (“high”). (This character is an obsolete form of 昂).

Compounds

仰仰

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		仰
alternative forms		樣／样

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngióng

(Hailu, HRS): ngiong^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngiong⁴

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngióng
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiong³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯oŋ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiong^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋioŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngiong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋiɔŋ⁵³/

Definitions

仰

(Hakka) how
- 2021, “忘了”‎^[1]performed by 彭柏邑 [Boiii P]:
  
  仰會無人在這位了 [Hailu Hakka, trad.]
  仰会无人在这位了 [Hailu Hakka, simp.]
  ngiongˊ voi+ mo ngin diˇ liaˊ vui+ leˋ [Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System]
  How come there is no one here?

Compounds

仰仔
仰來 / 仰来
仰做得
仰般

References

羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “仰”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00100
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “仰”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 253.