倡

倡	U+5021, 倡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5021

← 倠
[U+5020]

CJK Unified Ideographs

倢 →
[U+5022]

Translingual

Han character

倡 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人日日 (OAA), four-corner 2626₀, composition ⿰亻昌)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 108, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 783
Dae Jaweon: page 231, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 177, character 5
Unihan data for U+5021

Chinese

simp. and trad.		倡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 倡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Small seal script s05852 Transcribed ancient scripts L24011 L24012 L24013 L24010
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (昌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
昌	*tʰjaŋ
倡	tʰjaŋ, tʰjaŋs
猖	*tʰjaŋ
菖	*tʰjaŋ
閶	*tʰjaŋ
鯧	*tʰjaŋ
裮	*tʰjaŋ
琩	*tʰjaŋ
唱	*tʰjaŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs): semantic 亻 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chàng (chang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng³ / coeng¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhong

(Hailu, HRS): chong^ˇ
Eastern Min (BUC): chióng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cyorng⁴ / cyoeng⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiòng / chhiàng

(Teochew, Peng'im): ciang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chàng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang⁴
  - Yale: chàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chanq
  - Palladius: чан (čan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: coeng³ / coeng¹
  - Yale: cheung / chēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng³ / tsoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng³ / cêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ³³/, /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

Note: coeng1 - common variant.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: chong^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰoŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cyorng⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chio̤̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyɒŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cyoeng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyøŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chioxng
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiàng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiaxng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiaŋ¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ciang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshaon
  - MiniDict: tshaon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɑ̃³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyhangH

Rime
Character	倡
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺亮切
Baxter	tsyhangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-tʰaŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	倡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chàng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-tʰaŋ-s/
English	to lead (in singing)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倡
Reading #	2/2
No.	1258
Phonetic component	昌
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	唱
Old Chinese	/*tʰjaŋs/

Definitions

倡

to lead (a chorus); to introduce
to sing
to advocate; to recommend; to encourage; to promote; to propagate

Compounds

一倡三歎 / 一倡三叹
一倡百和 (yīchàngbǎihè)
倡優 / 倡优 (chāngyōu)
倡和
倡始
倡導 / 倡导 (chàngdǎo)
倡導者 / 倡导者
倡廉 (chànglián)
倡義 / 倡义
倡言 (chàngyán)
倡議 / 倡议 (chàngyì)
倡議書 / 倡议书
倡隨 / 倡随
倡首 (chàngshǒu)
反腐倡廉 (fǎnfǔchànglián)
夫倡婦隨 / 夫倡妇随
彼倡此和
提倡 (tíchàng)
為主作倡 / 为主作倡
首倡 (shǒuchàng)
首倡義舉 / 首倡义举

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chāng (chang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng¹
Eastern Min (BUC): chiŏng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chang
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang¹
  - Yale: chāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chang
  - Palladius: чан (čan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: coeng¹
  - Yale: chēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chiŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
  - Tâi-lô: tshiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyhang

Rime
Character	倡
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺良切
Baxter	tsyhang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiaŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倡
Reading #	1/2
No.	1250
Phonetic component	昌
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	昌
Old Chinese	/*tʰjaŋ/

Definitions

倡

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) professional singer and dancer
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) musician; actor; entertainer; performer
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 娼 (chāng, “prostitute”)

Compounds

俳倡
倡優 / 倡优 (chāngyōu)
倡女
倡家
倡寮
倡揚 / 倡扬 (chāngyáng)
倡條 / 倡条
倡條冶葉 / 倡条冶叶
冶葉倡條 / 冶叶倡条
妍倡
幸倡

References

“倡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “倡”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 26.

Japanese

Kanji

倡

(Hyōgai kanji)

prostitute

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kun: あそびめ (asobime, 倡)、となえる (tonaeru, 倡える)、わざおぎ (wazaogi, 倡)

Korean

Hanja

倡 (eum 창 (chang))

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Vietnamese

Han character

倡: Hán Nôm readings: xướng

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