儒生

Chinese

		scholar; Confucian	to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
trad. (儒生)		儒	生
simp. ^#(儒生)		儒	生

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rúshēng

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄕㄥ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rúshēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rúsheng
  - Wade–Giles: ju²-shêng¹
  - Yale: rú-shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rusheng
  - Palladius: жушэн (žušɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: nyu sraeng|sraengH

Rime
Character	儒	生	生
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II	II
Fanqie	人朱切	所庚切	所敬切
Baxter	nyu	sraeng	sraengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨo/	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵio/	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑio/	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuə̆/	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ȵio/	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭu/	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯u/	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú	shēng	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	sang¹	sang³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*no sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*njo sʰleːŋ|sreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	儒	生	生	生
Reading #	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rú	shēng	shēng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ nyu ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*no/	/sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or s.reŋ ?)	/*sreŋ/	/sreŋ/ (or s.reŋ ?)
English	侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism (not in original list)	bear, be born; live	fresh, raw	bear, be born; live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	儒	生	生
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	13969	11312	11322
Phonetic component	需	生	生
Rime group	侯	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	儒	生	生
Old Chinese	/*njo/	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/

Noun

儒生

(literary) Confucian scholar
(literary) scholar

Synonyms

(Confucian scholar): (literary) 儒士 (rúshì)
(scholar):

人士 (rénshì) (literary)
士人 (shìrén) (literary)
學人 / 学人 (xuérén)
學士 / 学士 (xuéshì)
學者 / 学者 (xuézhě)
文人 (wénrén)
文人墨客 (wénrénmòkè)
文士 (wénshì)
書生 / 书生 (shūshēng)
知識人 / 知识人
知識分子 / 知识分子
秀才 (xiùcái)
讀冊人 / 读册人 (Hokkien)
讀書人 / 读书人 (dúshūrén)
讀書家 / 读书家 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
騷人 / 骚人 (sāorén)
騷人墨客 / 骚人墨客 (sāorénmòkè)
騷客 / 骚客 (sāokè)
墨客 (mòkè)