南風

Chinese

		south	wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner
trad. (南風)		南	風
simp. (南风)		南	风

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nánfēng

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄥ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): naam⁴ fung¹

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): naang⁴ fung¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nam¹ fuung¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): nàm-fûng

(Meixian, Guangdong): nam² fung¹
Eastern Min (BUC): nàng-hŭng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nang² buei¹ / nang² buinn¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lâm-hong

(Teochew, Peng'im): lam⁵ huang¹
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): naam⁴ foeng¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶noe-fon₁ / ²noe-fon₁
- (Jinhua): ²noe-fon₁

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nánfēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nánfong
  - Wade–Giles: nan²-fêng¹
  - Yale: nán-fēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nanfeng
  - Palladius: наньфэн (nanʹfɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: naam⁴ fung¹
  - Yale: nàahm fūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: naam⁴ fung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nam⁴ fung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːm²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: naang⁴ fung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naŋ²¹ fʊŋ²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nam¹ fuung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdam³³ fɵŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nàm-fûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: nam^ˇ fung^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nam² fung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: nam² fung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nàng-hŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(h-)ŋuŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nang² buei¹ [Phonetic: nang⁵ muei¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: náng-boiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^(p-)muei⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nang² buinn¹ [Phonetic: nang⁵ mui¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^(p-)mui⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm-hong
  - Tâi-lô: lâm-hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lamhofng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lam⁵ huang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm huang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: naam⁴ foeng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nam²¹ føŋ⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶noe-fon₁
  - MiniDict: noe^去 fon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³noe-fon₁
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nø²² foŋ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²noe-fon₁
  - MiniDict: noe^平 fon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /nø²² foŋ³³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ²noe-fon₁
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /nɤ³¹ foŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: nom pjuwng

Rime
Character	南	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	那含切	方戎切
Baxter	nom	pjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nʌm/	/pɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nəm/	/piuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/nɒm/	/piuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nəm/	/puwŋ/
Li Rong	/nᴀm/	/piuŋ/
Wang Li	/nɒm/	/pĭuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/năm/	/pi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nán	fēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naam⁴	fung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə]m prəm/

(Zhengzhang): /*nuːm plum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	南	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nán	fēng
Middle Chinese	‹ nom ›	‹ pjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁ[ə]m/	/*prəm/
English	south	wind (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	南	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	9355	2921
Phonetic component	南	凡
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	南	風
Old Chinese	/*nuːm/	/*plum/

Noun

南風

southerly; south wind (a persistent wind from the south)
music from the South
(archaic) male homosexuality
(mahjong) South Wind

Derived terms

南風不競 / 南风不竞
南風天 / 南风天 (nánfēngtiān)
南風窗 / 南风窗

Proper noun

南風

Nanfeng (a song supposedly written by Emperor Shun)

Adjective

南風

(of weather, Eastern and Puxian Min) warm

References

冯爱珍 [Feng, Aizhen], editor (1998), “南風”, in 福州方言词典 [Dictionary of the Fuzhou Dialect] (in Chinese), Nanjing: 江苏教育出版社 (Jiangsu Educational Press), →ISBN, page 260.
莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “南风”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 395.

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
南	風
なん Grade: 2	ふう > ぷう Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 南風 (MC nom pjuwng).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) なんぷう [nàńpúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [nã̠mpɯ̟ː]

Noun

南(なん)風(ぷう) • (nanpū)

south wind, southerly
Synonyms: 凱風 (gaifū), 南 (minami)

Antonym: 北風 (hokufū)
wind blowing in summer

Idioms

南風(なんぷう)競(きそ)わず (nanpū kisowazu)

Proper noun

南(なん)風(ぷう) • (Nanpū)

a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
南	風
みなみ Grade: 2	かぜ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Compound of 南(みなみ) (minami, “south”) + 風(かぜ) (kaze, “wind”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) みなみかぜ [mìnámíkázé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mʲina̠mʲika̠ze̞]

Noun

南(みなみ)風(かぜ) • (minamikaze)

south wind, southerly
Synonym: 南 (minami)

Antonym: 北風 (kitakaze)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
南	風
はえ
Grade: 2	Grade: 2
jukujikun

For pronunciation and definitions of 南風 – see the following entry.

【はえ】	[noun] (regional) south wind, southerly [proper noun] a surname

(This term, 南風, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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