司馬

See also: 司马

Chinese

		company; control	horse; surname
trad. (司馬)		司	馬
simp. (司马)		司	马

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sīmǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄇㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): si¹ maa⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): si¹ ma²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): su-má / sir-má

(Teochew, Peng'im): se¹ bhê²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sīmǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄇㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sihmǎ
  - Wade–Giles: ssŭ¹-ma³
  - Yale: sz̄-mǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: symaa
  - Palladius: сыма (syma)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: si¹ maa⁵
  - Yale: sī máh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si¹ maa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi¹ ma⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵ maː¹³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: si¹ ma²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹ ma⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su-má
  - Tâi-lô: su-má
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sumar
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir-má
  - Tâi-lô: sir-má
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: se¹ bhê²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ bé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³³⁻²³ be⁵²/

Middle Chinese: si maeX

Rime
Character	司	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	息兹切	莫下切
Baxter	si	maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨ/	/mˠa^X/
Pan Wuyun	/sɨ/	/mᵚa^X/
Shao Rongfen	/sie/	/ma^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨ/	/maɨ^X/
Li Rong	/siə/	/ma^X/
Wang Li	/sĭə/	/ma^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si/	/ma^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sī	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si¹	maa⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-lə mˤraʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*slɯ mraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	司	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sī	mǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ si ›	‹ mæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*s-lə/	/*mˁraʔ/
English	superintend	horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	司	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11951	8715
Phonetic component	司	馬
Rime group	之	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	思	馬
Old Chinese	/*slɯ/	/*mraːʔ/

Noun

司馬

(archaic) Grand Marshal (an important official post during the Han Dynasty)
(archaic) Major (a low-level position within a commandery; the person in this position handled military affairs within the commandery)

Synonyms

典午 (diǎnwǔ)

Derived terms

司馬昭之心 / 司马昭之心 (Sīmǎ Zhāo zhī xīn)
司馬晉 / 司马晋 (Sīmǎ Jìn)
司馬法 / 司马法
司馬門 / 司马门
司馬青衫 / 司马青衫
大司馬 / 大司马 (dàsīmǎ)
文君司馬 / 文君司马
江州司馬 / 江州司马

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (司馬):

→ Japanese: 司馬(しば) (shiba)
→ Korean: 사마(司馬) (sama)
→ Vietnamese: tư mã (司馬)

(Others)

→ Tocharian B: simā

Proper noun

司馬

a Chinese compound surname, Sima
司馬遷／司马迁 ― Sīmǎ Qiān ― Sima Qian (author of the Records of the Grand Historian)

司馬懿／司马懿 ― Sīmǎ Yì ― Sima Yi (politician during the Three Kingdoms period)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (司馬):

→ Japanese: 司馬(しば) (Shiba)
→ Korean: 사마(司馬) (Sama)
→ Vietnamese: Tư Mã (司馬)

Others:

→ Bouyei: Siymaj
→ English: Sima, Szema
→ Zhuang: Swhmaj

Adjective

司馬

(Mandarin, Internet slang, vulgar) alternative form of 死媽 / 死妈 (sǐmā) (see 你媽死了／你妈死了 for details)

References

Government of the Han Dynasty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Sima (surname) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Japanese

Kanji in this term
司	馬
し Grade: 4	ば Grade: 2
kan'on

Etymology

Literary Chinese 司馬 (sīmǎ)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しば [shíꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ɕiba̠]

Noun

司(し)馬(ば) • (shiba)

(historical, government, religion, military) a position in feudal China, responsible for certain bureaucratic, religious and military affairs
Holonym: 三公

Coordinate terms: 司空, 司徒
(historical, government) synonym of 掾 (jō, “third-in-command of a 国司 (kokushi, “governorship”)”) (唐名 (karana, “Chinese designation”))

Proper noun

司(し)馬(ば) • (Shiba)

a surname from Chinese
司(し)馬(ば)遷(せん)
Shiba Sen
Sima Qian

司(し)馬(ば)懿(い)
Shiba I
Sima Yi

司(し)馬(ば)江(こう)漢(かん)
Shiba Kōkan
(please add an English translation of this example)

司(し)馬(ば)凌(りょう)海(かい)
Shiba Ryōkai
(please add an English translation of this example)

Korean

Hanja in this term
司	馬

Proper noun

司馬 • (Sama) (hangeul 사마)

hanja form^? of 사마