吉靈囝
Chinese
| Indian | child | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (吉靈囝) | 吉靈 | 囝 | |
| simp. (吉灵囝) | 吉灵 | 囝 | |
| alternative forms | 吉寧囝／吉宁囝 吉零囝 | ||
Etymology
From Singapore Hokkien 吉靈仔 / 吉灵仔 (Kiat-lêng-á / Kit-lêng-á / Kè-lêng-á / Kì-lêng-á), from Malay Keling, from Sanskrit कलिङ्ग (kaliṅga).
Pronunciation
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): Kiat-lêng-kiáⁿ / Kit-lêng-kiáⁿ / Kè-lêng-kiáⁿ / Kì-lêng-kiáⁿ
- (Teochew, Peng'im): gig4 lêng5 gian2
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kiat-lêng-kiáⁿ
- Tâi-lô: Kiat-lîng-kiánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiatlengkviar
- IPA (Singapore): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kiã⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kit-lêng-kiáⁿ
- Tâi-lô: Kit-lîng-kiánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kitlengkviar
- IPA (Singapore): /kit̚³²⁻⁴ leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kiã⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kè-lêng-kiáⁿ
- Tâi-lô: Kè-lîng-kiánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kealengkviar
- IPA (Singapore): /ke²¹⁻⁴² leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kiã⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kì-lêng-kiáⁿ
- Tâi-lô: Kì-lîng-kiánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kielengkviar
- IPA (Singapore): /ki²¹⁻⁴² leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kiã⁴²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gig4 lêng5 gian2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kik lêng kiáⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kik̚²⁻⁴ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
Noun
吉靈囝
- (Singapore Hokkien, Teochew, derogatory) Indian person
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 印度人 (“Indian person”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 印度人 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 印度人 |
| Singapore | 印度人 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 阿差 †, 摩囉差 † |
| Hong Kong | 印度人, 印度佬, 阿差 †, 摩囉差 †, 阿星 † | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 吉靈人 † | |
| Ipoh (Guangfu) | 印度人 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 印度人, 吉靈人 † | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 印度人 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 印度人 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 印度人 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 印度人 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 印度人 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 印度人 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 印度人 | |
| Hong Kong | 摩囉差 † | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 吉靈人 † | |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 印度番仔 † |
| Yilan | 烏番仔 † | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 印度仔 | |
| Taichung | 烏印度仔 † | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 烏肚番仔 † | |
| Tainan | 烏肚番仔 † | |
| Taitung | 印度仔 | |
| Hsinchu | 烏儂 † | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 印度儂 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 吉靈仔 † | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 印度儂, 吉靈仔 †, 吉靈囝 †, ah neh †, ah pu neh neh † | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 印度仔, 印度儂 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 吉靈囝 † | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 印度儂, ah neh †, apooneh †, 吉靈囝 † | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 吉靈囝 † | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 印度人, 阿三 †, 紅頭阿三 † |
| Note | † - derogatory/disrespectful/ethnic slur | |