囝

囝 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 田弓木 (WND), four-corner 6040₇, composition ⿴囗子)

• 𣳲

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 216, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4688
• Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 713, character 7
• Unihan data for U+56DD

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 囗 + 子 (“child; son”). Compare 囡.

Min dialectal word for “son; child”. Substrate borrowing, cognate with Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuun (“child, son”) (Vietnamese con, Khmer កូន (koun)) (Schuessler, 2007). Likely related to 昆 (OC *kuːn, “descendants”) (ibid.).

囝 (Min)

1. son

   • 郎罷別囝，吾悔生汝。及汝既生，人勸不舉。不從人言，果獲是苦。囝別郎罷，心摧血下。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     郎罢别囝，吾悔生汝。及汝既生，人劝不举。不从人言，果获是苦。囝别郎罢，心摧血下。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: ca. 8th century, Gu Kuang, 《囝》 (Son) [written in the ancient Min dialect].
     Note: This poem was referring to the slavery system at the time in the Min area. The son had been forcibly castrated and was soon to be taken as a slave in a rich household.

     Lángbà bié jiǎn, wú huǐ shēng rǔ. Jí rǔ jì shēng, rén quàn bù jǔ. Bù cóng rényán, guǒ huò shì kǔ. Jiǎn bié lángbà, xīn cuī xuè xià. [Pinyin]

     Father said to son when they parted: I regret begetting you;
     When you were already born, people advised me to not bring you up;
     I did not follow their words, and inevitably had this suffering coming.
     Son is parted from father, with a heart shattered and eyes crying with blood.

2. child
3. baby, infant
4. Diminutive suffix attached to nouns, equivalent to Mandarin 子 (zǐ).
5. Diminutive suffix attached to classifiers.

Coined by Chinese empress regnant Wu Zetian. One of the Chinese characters of Empress Wu.

• “囝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “囝（儿子）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 215.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “969 儿子”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 387.
• zi.tools

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. baby; infant

• On (unclassified): けん (ken)、げん (gen)、がち (gachi)
• Kun: こども (kodomo, 囝)

囝 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

囝: Hán Nôm readings: cưởng, kiển, niên

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• Nom Foundation