勸

See also: 勧 and 劝

勸	U+52F8, 勸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52F8

← 勷
[U+52F7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

勹 →
[U+52F9]

Translingual

Traditional	勸
Shinjitai	勧
Simplified	劝

Han character

勸 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+17, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿土大尸 (TGKS), four-corner 4422₇, composition ⿰雚力)

Derived characters

𠑧, 𡅳, 𪯄, 𣡒, 𤓘

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 150, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2486
Dae Jaweon: page 338, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 382, character 18
Unihan data for U+52F8

Chinese

trad.		勸
simp.		劝

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (雚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
觀	koːn, koːns
灌	*koːns
鸛	*koːns
瓘	*koːns
矔	koːns, kroːns
懽	koːns, qʰoːn
爟	*koːns
雚	*koːns
罐	*koːns
鑵	*koːns
歡	*qʰoːn
驩	*qʰoːn
貛	*qʰoːn
酄	*qʰoːn
獾	*qʰoːn
讙	qʰoːn, qʰon
嚾	*qʰoːns
權	*ɡron
顴	*ɡron
孉	*ɡron
蠸	*ɡron
虇	kʰonʔ, kʰons
勸	*kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰons): phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): quàn (quan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun³
Gan (Wiktionary): qyon³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khien / khian

(Hailu, HRS): kien^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): kian⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): qye³
Northern Min (KCR): ku̿ing / kṳ̿ing
Eastern Min (BUC): kuóng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): koeng⁴ / kyoeng⁴ / kuei⁴ / kuinn⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khoàn / khǹg / khùiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): keng³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵chioe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qyenn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: quàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyuàn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüan⁴
  - Yale: chywàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuann
  - Palladius: цюань (cjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hyun³
  - Yale: hyun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hyn³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hün³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qyon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
  - Hakka Romanization System: kian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰien¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰian⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qye³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰye⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ku̿ing / kṳ̿ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuiŋ³³/, /kʰyiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kuóng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: koeng⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ke̤̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰœŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kyoeng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyøŋ⁴²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kuei⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̍iⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuei⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kuinn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰũĩ⁴²/

Note:

koeng4/kyoeng4 - literary;
kuei4/kuinn4 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoàn
  - Tâi-lô: khuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoaxn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰuan¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰuan²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
  - Tâi-lô: khǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kʰŋ̍²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰŋ̍¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khuìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvuix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuĩ²¹/

Note:

khoàn - literary;
khǹg/khùiⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: keng³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̀ng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯŋ²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵chioe
  - MiniDict: chioe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qyoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰyø³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qyenn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ẽ⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: khjwonH

Rime
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去願切
Baxter	khjwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʉɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuan^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiuɐn^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭwɐn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyun³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʷʰar-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰons/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quàn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjwon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʷʰar-s/
English	encourage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
No.	4501
Phonetic component	雚
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	劵
Old Chinese	/*kʰons/

Definitions

勸

to encourage; to recommend
- 善鄭以勸來者，猶懼不蔇，況不禮焉？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  善郑以劝来者，犹惧不蔇，况不礼焉？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Shàn Zhèng yǐ quàn láizhě, yóu jù bù jì, kuàng bùlǐ yān? [Pinyin]
  Even if we were to treat Zheng with propriety to encourage other vassals in the future, we should yet worry about falling short, let alone slighting them!
to advise; to urge; to exhort
勸告／劝告 ― quàngào ― to advise
to appeal
勸架／劝架 ― quànjià ― to conciliate (in a fight or quarrel)
a surname, Quan

Synonyms

(to encourage):

edit

勉勵 / 勉励 (miǎnlì)
勗勉 / 勖勉 (xùmiǎn) (literary)
激勵 / 激励 (jīlì)
砥礪 / 砥砺 (dǐlì)
鼓動 / 鼓动 (gǔdòng)
鼓勵 / 鼓励 (gǔlì)
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ)

(to urge):

edit

勸說 / 劝说 (quànshuō)
折服 (zhéfú)
說 / 说 (shuì) (literary, or in compounds)
說動 / 说动 (shuōdòng)
說服 / 说服

Dialectal synonyms of 催 (“to urge (someone to do something)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		催
Cantonese	Guangzhou	催
Cantonese	Hong Kong	催
Southern Min	Shantou (Chaoyang)	勸
Wu	Shanghai	催

Compounds

力勸 / 力劝
勸世 / 劝世 (quànshì)
勸勉 / 劝勉 (quànmiǎn)
勸募 / 劝募
勸化 / 劝化
勸告 / 劝告 (quàngào)
勸和 / 劝和 (quànhé)
勸善 / 劝善 (quànshàn)
勸善懲惡 / 劝善惩恶 (quànshànchéng'è)
勸善戒惡 / 劝善戒恶
勸善規過 / 劝善规过
勸善黜惡 / 劝善黜恶
勸學 / 劝学 (quànxué)
勸學篇 / 劝学篇
勸導 / 劝导 (quàndǎo)
勸慰 / 劝慰 (quànwèi)
勸戒 / 劝戒 (quànjiè)
勸捐 / 劝捐
勸教 / 劝教
勸杯 / 劝杯
勸架 / 劝架 (quànjià)
勸業場 / 劝业场
勸止 / 劝止 (quànzhǐ)
勸百諷一 / 劝百讽一
勸盤 / 劝盘
勸解 / 劝解 (quànjiě)
勸誘 / 劝诱 (quànyòu)
勸說 / 劝说 (quànshuō)
勸誡 / 劝诫 (quànjiè)
勸諫 / 劝谏 (quànjiàn)
勸農 / 劝农 (quànnóng)
勸退 / 劝退 (quàntuì)
勸進 / 劝进 (quànjìn)
勸酒 / 劝酒 (quànjiǔ)
勸酬 / 劝酬
勸開 / 劝开
勸阻 / 劝阻 (quànzǔ)
勸降 / 劝降 (quànxiáng)
勸駕 / 劝驾
和勸 / 和劝
奉勸 / 奉劝 (fèngquàn)
好言相勸 / 好言相劝 (hǎoyán xiāngquàn)
婉勸 / 婉劝
懲勸 / 惩劝
懲惡勸善 / 惩恶劝善 (chéng'èquànshàn)
扯勸 / 扯劝
拉勸 / 拉劝
柔性勸導 / 柔性劝导
殺狗勸夫 / 杀狗劝夫
演古勸今 / 演古劝今
相勸 / 相劝 (xiāngquàn)
罰一勸百 / 罚一劝百
苦勸 / 苦劝 (kǔquàn)
規勸 / 规劝 (guīquàn)
解勸 / 解劝
課勸 / 课劝
諷一勸百 / 讽一劝百
諫勸 / 谏劝
賞一勸百 / 赏一劝百
連勸帶訓 / 连劝带训
龔遂勸農 / 龚遂劝农

Descendants

→ Vietnamese: khuyên

References

“勸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “劝”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 337.

Japanese

Shinjitai	勧
Kyūjitai	勸

Kanji

勸

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 勧)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: けん (ken)
Kan’yō-on: かん (kan)
Kun: すすめる (susumeru)

Korean

Hanja

勸 (eumhun 권할 권 (gwonhal gwon))

hanja form^? of 권 (“recommend, advise, urge”)

Vietnamese

Han character

勸: Hán Nôm readings: khuyến, khuyên

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.