催

催	U+50AC, 催 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50AC

← 傫
[U+50AB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

傭 →
[U+50AD]

Translingual

Han character

催 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人山人土 (OUOG), four-corner 2221₄, composition ⿰亻崔)

Derived characters

𡀰, 𨮑, 𪝱

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1005
Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 211, character 7
Unihan data for U+50AC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		催

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 催
Small seal script s05875
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (崔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嗺	ʔslo, ʔsluːl, sluːl, ʔslul, *ʔslulʔ
催	*sʰluːl
璀	*sʰluːlʔ
皠	*sʰluːlʔ
漼	*sʰluːlʔ
鏙	*sʰluːlʔ
摧	*zluːl
崔	zluːl, sʰluːl
慛	*zluːl
槯	*zluːl
繀	*sluːls
膗	*zruːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰluːl): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 崔 (OC *zluːl, *sʰluːl).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cuī (cui¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûi
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cui¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhui

(Teochew, Peng'im): cui¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cuī
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cuei
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻui¹
  - Yale: tswēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuei
  - Palladius: цуй (cuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ceoi¹
  - Yale: chēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûi
  - Hakka Romanization System: cui^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cui¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cui¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhui
  - Tâi-lô: tshui
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhuy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰui³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tshoe
  - MiniDict: tshoe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tshwoj

Rime
Character	催
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉回切
Baxter	tshwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰwəj/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰuᴀi/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰuɒi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cuī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tʰˤuj/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	催
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cuī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshwoj ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tʰˁuj/
English	urge, repress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	催
Reading #	1/1
No.	1877
Phonetic component	崔
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	崔
Old Chinese	/*sʰluːl/

Definitions

催

to urge; to push someone to do something
點解我成日要催你㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
点解我成日要催你㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]
dim² gaai² ngo⁵ seng⁴ jat⁶ jiu³ ceoi¹ nei⁵ gaa³? [Jyutping]
Why do I always have to urge you?

又係阿媽打電話嚟催我返屋企。 [Cantonese, trad.]
又系阿妈打电话嚟催我返屋企。 [Cantonese, simp.]
jau⁶ hai⁶ aa³ maa¹ daa² din⁶ waa^6-2 lai⁴ ceoi¹ ngo⁵ faan¹ uk¹ kei². [Jyutping]
Mum was on the phone again, trying to get me to come home.
to speed up; to accelerate

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 催 (“to urge (someone to do something)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		催
Cantonese	Guangzhou	催
Cantonese	Hong Kong	催
Southern Min	Shantou (Chaoyang)	勸
Wu	Shanghai	催

Compounds

三催四請 / 三催四请 (sāncuīsìqǐng)
催併 / 催并
催促 (cuīcù)
催化 (cuīhuà)
催化劑 / 催化剂 (cuīhuàjì)
催吐劑 / 催吐剂 (cuītùjì)
催告
催告書 / 催告书
催命 (cuīmìng)
催命符 (cuīmìng fú)
催命鬼
催奶 (cuīnǎi)
催批
催明鳥 / 催明鸟
催淚彈 / 催泪弹 (cuīlèidàn)
催淚瓦斯 / 催泪瓦斯 (cuīlèi wǎsī)
催熟 (cuīshú)
催生 (cuīshēng)
催產 / 催产 (cuīchǎn)
催眠 (cuīmián)
催眠劑 / 催眠剂 (cuīmiánjì)
催眠曲 (cuīmiánqǔ)
催眠術 / 催眠术 (cuīmiánshù)
催督 (cuīdū)
催科 (cuīkē)
催租
催芽 (cuīyá)
催花雨
催討 / 催讨 (cuītǎo)
催請 / 催请
催趲 / 催趱
催辦 / 催办 (cuībàn)
催迫
催逼 (cuībī)
催青
催魂
公示催告
督催
碎催
羯鼓催花
臘鼓頻催 / 腊鼓频催
頻催 / 频催
風催電 / 风催电

Japanese

Kanji

催

(Jōyō kanji)

encourage; urge; persuade
hold (a meeting), throw (a party), etc.

Readings

Go-on: せ (se)
Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
Kun: もよおす (moyōsu, 催す, Jōyō)、うながす (unagasu, 催す)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

催 (eumhun 재촉할 최 (jaechokhal choe))

Compounds

催(최)림프 物質(물질) (choerimpeu muljil)

Vietnamese

Hán Nôm

催: Hán Việt readings: thôi^[1]^[2]
催: Nôm readings: sôi^[1], thoi^[1], thòi^[1]^[2]^[3], thỏi^[1], thôi^[1]^[2]^[3], thui^[1]^[2], tôi, xoi^[1]

chữ Hán form of thôi
chữ Nôm form of sôi
chữ Nôm form of thoi
chữ Nôm form of thòi (“to stick out”)
chữ Nôm form of thỏi (“bar, stick”)
chữ Nôm form of thôi (“to cease; to bleed color; stretch of time”)
chữ Nôm form of thui (“to sear, char”)
chữ Nôm form of tôi (“household servant”)
chữ Nôm form of xoi (“to groove”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Trần (2004).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Hồ (1976).

竹内与之助 [Takeuchi Yonosuke] (10 May 1988) “thoi”, in 字喃字典 [Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, Chữ Nôm Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Japanese and Vietnamese), 1st edition, Tokyo: 大学書林 [Daigaku Syorin], via Nomfoundation.org, →ISBN, archived from the original on 28 July 2019, page 529
竹内与之助 [Takeuchi Yonosuke] (10 May 1988) “thôi”, in 字喃字典 [Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, Chữ Nôm Dictionary]‎^[2] (in Japanese and Vietnamese), 1st edition, Tokyo: 大学書林 [Daigaku Syorin], via Nomfoundation.org, →ISBN, archived from the original on 28 July 2019, page 531

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Nguyễn (2014).

[gdhn-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Trần (2004).

[btcn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Hồ (1976).

[1]

[2]

[3]