崔

崔	U+5D14, 崔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5D14

← 崓
[U+5D13]

CJK Unified Ideographs

崕 →
[U+5D15]

Translingual

Han character

崔 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 山人土 (UOG), four-corner 2221₄, composition ⿱山隹)

high, lofty, towering
a surname, #163 on the Baijiaxing

Derived characters

催, 凗, 嗺, 墔, 㜠, 慛, 摧, 漼, 獕, 槯, 熣, 璀, 膗, 皠, 磪, 繀(𮉮), 䜅, 鏙(𰾰), 䳽(𮹙), 巂

Additional Derived Characters

𢕘, 𨻵, 𣩑, 𤗯, 𤛍, 𥼂, 𦉎, 𪧾, 𨄍, 𩌩, 𩏘, 𩞅, 𩪓, 𡰋, 𣯧, 𧽠, 𱟠, 𣯯, 𦸏, 𩮴, 𡻎, 𡾧, 𪛂, 𢊛, 𧢠, 𤮯, 𧮋

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 314, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8178
Dae Jaweon: page 614, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 780, character 17
Unihan data for U+5D14

Chinese

simp. and trad.		崔
alternative forms		嵟 obsolete

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蜼	lus, rulʔ, *luls
堆	*tuːl
嵟	*tuːl
碓	*tuːls
推	tʰuːl, tʰjul
蓷	tʰuːl, tʰjul
陮	*duːlʔ
魋	*duːl
嶊	*stuːlʔ
崔	zluːl, sʰluːl
猚	ŋreːl, rulʔ
椎	*dul
顀	*dul
隹	*tjul
錐	*tjul
萑	*kljul
騅	*tjul
鵻	sɢʷinʔ, tjul
誰	*djul
脽	*djul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zluːl, *sʰluːl): semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cuī (cui¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄟ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ceoi¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): tui¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhuî

(Hailu, HRS): cui^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): cui¹
Northern Min (KCR): chó
Eastern Min (BUC): chuŏi
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cuei¹ / cui¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhui

(Teochew, Peng'im): cui¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cuī
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cuei
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻui¹
  - Yale: tswēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuei
  - Palladius: цуй (cuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ceoi¹
  - Yale: chēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: tui¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhuî
  - Hakka Romanization System: cui^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cui^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰui⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuɪ⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰo⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chuŏi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cuei¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: choi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuei⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cuei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuei⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cui¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cui¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

cuei1 - vernacular;
cui1 - literary (incl. surname).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhui
  - Tâi-lô: tshui
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhuy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰui³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tshoe
  - MiniDict: tshoe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tshwoj, dzwoj

Rime
Character	崔	崔
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	倉回切	昨回切
Baxter	tshwoj	dzwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰuʌi/	/d͡zuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰuoi/	/d͡zuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰuɒi/	/d͡zuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰwəj/	/d͡zwəj/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰuᴀi/	/d͡zuᴀi/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰuɒi/	/d͡zuɒi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰuɑ̆i/	/d͡zʱuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cuī	cuí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi¹	ceoi⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤuj/

(Zhengzhang): /*zluːl/, /*sʰluːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	崔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cuī
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwoj ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁuj/
English	high, rocky
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	崔	崔
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1883	17713
Phonetic component		隹
Rime group	微	微
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	摧
Old Chinese	/*zluːl/	/*sʰluːl/

Definitions

崔

(literary) high; lofty
a surname
崔琦 ― Cuī Qí ― Daniel Chee Tsui (Chinese-born American physicist and Nobel laureate)

Compounds

崔崔 (cuīcuī)
崔嵬 (cuīwéi)
崔巍 (cuīwēi)
崔烈銅臭 / 崔烈铜臭
崔胡 (Cuīhú)
崔隤 / 崔𬯎
崔韜 / 崔韬
崔鶯鶯 / 崔莺莺
錯斬崔寧 / 错斩崔宁

Japanese

Kanji

崔

(Hyōgai kanji)

cliff, bluff, precipice

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai)
Kan-on: さい (sai)
Nanori: たかし (takashi)

Korean

Hanja

崔 (eumhun 높을 최 (nopeul choe))

Proper noun

崔 • (Choe) (hangeul 최)

hanja form^? of 최 : a surname

Tày

Verb

崔 (xoi)

Nôm form of xoi (“to dispatch”).

References

Dương Nhật Thanh, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) “酉 DẬU”, in Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[1] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

Hán Nôm

崔: Hán Việt readings: thôi^[1]^[2]
崔: Nôm readings: thoi^[2]^[3], thòi^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4], thôi^[1]^[4], xui^[1]

chữ Hán form of thôi
chữ Nôm form of thoi
chữ Nôm form of thòi
chữ Nôm form of thôi (“stretch of time; to cease; just; stop it; fine then”)
chữ Nôm form of xui (“to incite”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Hồ (1976).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

竹内与之助 [Takeuchi Yonosuke] (10 May 1988) “thòi”, in 字喃字典 [Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, Chữ Nôm Dictionary]‎^[2] (in Japanese and Vietnamese), 1st edition, Tokyo: 大学書林 [Daigaku Syorin], via Nomfoundation.org, →ISBN, archived from the original on 28 July 2019, page 529
竹内与之助 [Takeuchi Yonosuke] (10 May 1988) “thôi”, in 字喃字典 [Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, Chữ Nôm Dictionary]‎^[3] (in Japanese and Vietnamese), 1st edition, Tokyo: 大学書林 [Daigaku Syorin], via Nomfoundation.org, →ISBN, archived from the original on 28 July 2019, page 531

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).

[btcn-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Hồ (1976).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Trần (2004).

[taberd-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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