客囝
Chinese
| customer; visitor; guest | child | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (客囝) |
客 | 囝 | |
Pronunciation
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ka6 gyor3 / ka6 gyann3
- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): kêh4 gian2
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ka6 gyor3 [Phonetic: ka1 yor3]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kā-giô̤ⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ (k-)yɒ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ka6 gyann3 [Phonetic: ka1 iann3]
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ (k-)ĩã³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kêh4 gian2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kheh kiáⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ kĩã⁵²⁻²¹/
- (Teochew)
Noun
客囝
Synonyms
- (person of Hakka descent):
Dialectal synonyms of 客家人 (“Hakka people”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 客家人 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 客家人 |
| Malaysia | 客家人 | |
| Singapore | 客家人 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 客家人, 客家, 麻介人 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 客家人, 客家佬, 𠊎子佬 |
| Hong Kong | 客家人 | |
| Dongguan | 客家 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 客家人 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 客家人 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 客家人 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 客人 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 客人 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 客人 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 客人 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 客人 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 客人 | |
| Hong Kong | 客家人 | |
| Kuching (Hepo) | 客人 | |
| Singapore (Dabu) | 客人 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 客儂 |
| Quanzhou | 客儂 | |
| Zhangzhou | 客儂 | |
| Tainan | 客儂 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 客儂 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 客儂 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 客家儂 | |
| Longyan | 客仔 | |
| Chaozhou | 客家儂 | |
| Jieyang | 客儂 | |
| Haifeng | 客儂, 客仔 derogatory, 客婆𠊎 humorous, 客仔鬼 vulgar | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 客儂 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 𠊎子佬 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 客家人 |
- (non-local):
Dialectal synonyms of 外地人 (“one who is not born in the area; non-local; stranger; outsider; out-of-towner”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 外地人 | |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 外路塊 derogatory |
| Xi'an | 外處人, 外地人 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 外鄉人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 外鄉佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 外江佬 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 外鄉人, 外江佬 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 別地人, 外處人 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 外位人, 外位仔人, 外面人, 外江人 |
| Quanzhou | 外面人 | |
| Jinjiang | 外江人 | |
| Zhangzhou | 外位人, 外位仔人, 外江人 | |
| Shantou | 外地人, 外江佬 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 外地人, 客人, 客人哥 male, 客婆 female, 客邊 joking, 客囝, 南兄 male, 南婆 female, 客鬼 derogatory |
| Xianyou | 外地人, 客人, 客人哥 male, 客婆 female, 客邊 joking, 客囝, 南兄 male, 南婆 female, 客鬼 derogatory | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 外頭人 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 外頭人 |
| Danyang | 外頭人 | |
| Ningbo | 外頭人 | |
| Xiang | Loudi | 外鄉人 |
References
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “客囝”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 309.