囹圄

Chinese

		prison	imprison
trad. (囹圄)		囹	圄
simp. ^#(囹圄)		囹	圄
alternative forms		囹圉

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): língyǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄩˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴ jyu⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: língyǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄩˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: língyǔ
  - Wade–Giles: ling²-yü³
  - Yale: líng-yǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lingyeu
  - Palladius: линъюй (linʺjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    囹圄
    靈雨 / 灵雨
    陵雨
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ling⁴ jyu⁵
  - Yale: lìhng yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴ jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴ yu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹ jyː¹³/

Middle Chinese: leng ngjoX

Rime
Character	囹	圄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	郎丁切	魚巨切
Baxter	leng	ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leŋ/	/ŋɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/leŋ/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛŋ/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjŋ/	/ŋɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/leŋ/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/lieŋ/	/ŋĭo^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lieŋ/	/ŋi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling⁴	jyu⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ ŋaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	圄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʰ<r>aʔ/
English	prison
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	囹	圄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8289	13160
Phonetic component	令	五
Rime group	耕	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	靈	語
Old Chinese	/*reːŋ/	/*ŋaʔ/

Noun

囹圄

(literary) prison; jail

Synonyms

大牢 (dàláo) (archaic)
清室 (qīngshì) (archaic)
牢 (láo)
牢房 (láofáng)
牢獄 / 牢狱 (láoyù)
班房 (bānfáng) (colloquial)
監房 / 监房 (jiānfáng)
監牢 / 监牢 (jiānláo)
監獄 / 监狱 (jiānyù)
鐵屋 / 铁屋 (tiěwū) (literary, figurative)

Derived terms

囹圄充積 / 囹圄充积
囹圄生草
囹圄空虛 / 囹圄空虚
草滿囹圄 / 草满囹圄
身陷囹圄 (shēnxiànlíngyǔ)
陷身囹圄

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (囹圄):

→ Japanese: 囹(れい)圄(ぎょ) (reigyo); 囹(れい)圄(ご) (reigo)
→ Korean: 영어(囹圄) (yeong'eo)
→ Vietnamese: linh ngữ (囹圄), linh ngự (囹圄)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
囹	圄
れい Hyōgai	ぎょ Hyōgai
kan'on

Alternative spelling
囹圉

Kanji in this term
囹	圄
れい Hyōgai	ご Hyōgai
kan'on	goon

Alternative spelling
囹圉

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 囹圄 (MC leng ngjoX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) れーぎょ [réꜜègyò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
(Tokyo) れーご [réꜜègò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ːɡʲo̞]
IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ːɡo̞]

Noun

囹(れい)圄(ぎょ) or 囹(れい)圄(ご) • (reigyo or reigo)

prison

Synonyms

監(かん)獄(ごく) (kangoku), 牢(ろう)屋(や) (rōya), 牢(ろう) (rō)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
囹	圄

Noun

囹圄 • (yeong'eo) (hangeul 영어)

hanja form^? of 영어 (“prison”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
囹	圄

Noun

囹圄

chữ Hán form of linh ngữ (“prison”)