土話

Chinese

		earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian	spoken words; speech; dialect spoken words; speech; dialect; language; talk; conversation; what someone said
trad. (土話)		土	話
simp. (土话)		土	话

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tǔhuà

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тухуа (tuhua, II-III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): tou² waa⁶ / tou² waa^6-2
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thú-fa
Jin (Wiktionary): tu² hua³
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tou³ ua⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thó͘-ōe / thó͘-ōa

(Teochew, Peng'im): tou² uê⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tǔhuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tǔhuà
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu³-hua⁴
  - Yale: tǔ-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuuhuah
  - Palladius: тухуа (tuxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тухуа (tuhua, II-III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou⁵¹ xua⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tou² waa⁶ / tou² waa^6-2
  - Yale: tóu wah / tóu wá
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tou² waa⁶ / tou² waa^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: tou² wa⁶ / tou² wa^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³⁵ waː²²/, /tʰou̯³⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thú-fa
  - Hakka Romanization System: tu^ˋ fa
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tu³ fa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰu³¹ fa⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: tu² hua³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰu⁵³ xua⁴⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tou³ ua⁵ [Phonetic: tou² ua⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tô-uā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ua¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tou³ ua⁵ [Phonetic: tou² ua⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔu³³²⁻²⁴ ua²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó͘-ōe
  - Tâi-lô: thóo-uē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tofoe
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ue³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ue²²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /tʰɔ⁴²⁻²⁴ ue²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ue³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ue⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó͘-ōa
  - Tâi-lô: thóo-uā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tofoa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ua²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tou² uê⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thóu uē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ ue¹¹/

Noun

土話

local, colloquial expressions; local dialect
羊城土話／羊城土话 [Cantonese] ― joeng⁴ sing⁴ tou² waa^6-2 [Jyutping] ― Canton dialect
- 1886, A. Mouillesaux de Bernières, 公餘瑣談 [Leçons progressives pour l'étude du chinois parlé et écrit], Peking: Typographie du Pé-T'ang, page 10:
  
  各處兒有各處兒的土話，不能都學，要緊的是學官話。官話能說了，各處兒的人，都可以懂得。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  各处儿有各处儿的土话，不能都学，要紧的是学官话。官话能说了，各处儿的人，都可以懂得。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  Gèchùr yǒu gèchùr de tǔhuà, bùnéng dōu xué, yàojǐn de shì xué guānhuà. Guānhuà néng shuō le, gèchùr de rén, dōu kěyǐ dǒngde. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(Hokkien) rough and blunt speech

Synonyms

(local, colloquial expressions): (Xiang) 土話子／土话子

Derived terms

湘南土話 / 湘南土话
粵北土話 / 粤北土话
韶州土話 / 韶州土话 (Sháozhōu tǔhuà)

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “土话”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 545.