官話

See also: 官话

Chinese

		official; government; organ of body	spoken words; speech; dialect spoken words; speech; dialect; language; talk; conversation; what someone said
trad. (官話)		官	話
simp. (官话)		官	话

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guānhuà

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gun¹ waa^6-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kôn-fa

(Meixian, Guangdong): guon¹ fa⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): guăng-uâ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): guang¹ hua⁵ / guong¹ hua⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koaⁿ-ōe
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kuoe-gho

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guānhuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guanhuà
  - Wade–Giles: kuan¹-hua⁴
  - Yale: gwān-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanhuah
  - Palladius: гуаньхуа (guanʹxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gun¹ waa^6-2
  - Yale: gūn wá
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gun¹ waa^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: gun¹ wa^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn-fa
  - Hakka Romanization System: gon^ˊ fa
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gon¹ fa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guon¹ fa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fa⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: guăng-uâ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(Ø-)ŋuɑ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: guang¹ hua⁵ [Phonetic: guang² nua⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: guang-huā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^(h-)nua¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: guong¹ hua⁵ [Phonetic: guong² nua⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^(h-)nua²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ-ōe
  - Tâi-lô: kuann-uē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoa'oe
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³ ue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹kuoe-gho
  - MiniDict: kuoe^平 gho
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kuoe-hho
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kuø⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

Middle Chinese: kwan hwaejH

Rime
Character	官	話
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	夬 (30)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	古丸切	下快切
Baxter	kwan	hwaejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑn/	/ɦˠuai^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑn/	/ɦʷᵚai^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑn/	/ɣuai^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwan/	/ɦwaɨjs^H/
Li Rong	/kuɑn/	/ɣuai^H/
Wang Li	/kuɑn/	/ɣwæi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuɑn/	/ɣwai^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān	huài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gun¹	waai⁶

Noun

官話

Mandarin; Guanhua (group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua (Standard Chinese))
- 反譯甚好，而間有古語，不合時用，且不是官話，無人認聽。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
  From: 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records), 1483
  반역심호^(하나) 이간유고어^(하고) 불합시용^(하며) 차불시관화^(이니) 무인인청^(하리라)
  Banyeok sim ho[-hana] i gan yu goeo[-hago] bulhap siyong[-hamyeo] cha bul si gwanhwa[-ini] mu in in cheong[-harira]. [Sino-Korean]
  The [Koreans'] translation [into Chinese] is very good, but there is occasionally ancient language which is not in accordance with current usage; in addition, it is not Mandarin, [so] nobody will understand it by listening.
bureaucratic gibberish; high-sounding but insincere words; officialese
Synonym: 官腔 (guānqiāng)

Synonyms

(Mandarin): 北方話／北方话 (běifānghuà)

Derived terms

中原官話 / 中原官话 (Zhōngyuán guānhuà)
冀魯官話 / 冀鲁官话 (Jì-Lǔ Guānhuà)
北京官話 / 北京官话 (Běijīng guānhuà)
天不怕，地不怕，只怕廣東人說官話 / 天不怕，地不怕，只怕广东人说官话 (tiān bùpà, dì bùpà, zhǐ pà Guǎngdōngrén shuō guānhuà)
官話化 / 官话化 (guānhuàhuà)
官話合聲字母 / 官话合声字母 (Guānhuà Héshēng Zìmǔ)
官話字母 / 官话字母
戲棚官話 / 戏棚官话 (xìpéng guānhuà)
打官話 / 打官话
東北官話 / 东北官话 (dōngběi guānhuà)
江淮官話 / 江淮官话 (Jiānghuái guānhuà)
膠遼官話 / 胶辽官话
藍青官話 / 蓝青官话 (lánqīng guānhuà)
蘭銀官話 / 兰银官话
西南官話 / 西南官话 (xīnán guānhuà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (官話):

→ Japanese: 官話(かんわ) (kanwa)
→ Okinawan: 官話(くゎんふぁー) (kwanfā)
→ Korean: 관화(官話) (gwanhwa)
→ Vietnamese: Quan thoại (官話)

References

“官話”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
陈浩淼 [CHEN, Haomiao] (June 2019) “莆仙方言连读音变中-n、-m韵尾的残留 [The Ｒesidual of-n，-m Tail Vowel in the Liaison of Puxian Dialect]”, in 莆田学院学报 [Journal of Putian University] (in Chinese), volume 26, number 3, Fuzhou

Japanese

Kanji in this term
官	話
かん Grade: 4	わ Grade: 2
on'yomi	kan'yōon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 官話 (MC kwan hwaejH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かんわ [kàńwá] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɰ̃β̞a̠]

Noun

官(かん)話(わ) • (kanwa) ^{←くわんわ (kwan'wa)^?}

Mandarin; Guanhua (group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua (Standard Chinese))

Korean

Hanja in this term
官	話

Noun

官話 • (gwanhwa) (hangeul 관화)

hanja form^? of 관화 (“Mandarin; Guanhua (group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua (Standard Chinese))”)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
官	話
くゎん Grade: 4	ふぁー Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 官話 (MC kwan hwaejH). Cognate to Japanese 官話 (kanwa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʷam̩ɸaː/

Noun

官(くゎん)話(ふぁー) (kwanfā)

Mandarin; Guanhua (group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua (Standard Chinese))

References

“くぁんふぁー・くゎんふぁー【官話】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
“クヮンファー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
官	話

Noun

官話

chữ Hán form of Quan thoại (“Mandarin; Guanhua”)