垠

See also: 圻

垠	U+57A0, 垠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A0

← 垟
[U+579F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

垡 →
[U+57A1]

Translingual

Han character

垠 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土日女 (GAV), four-corner 4713₂, composition ⿰土艮)

boundary, bank of stream or river

Derived characters

𭈷

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5054
Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 442, character 7
Unihan data for U+57A0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		垠
alternative forms		圻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
艱	*krɯːn
齦	kʰrɯːnʔ, kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼	*ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝	*ɡrɯːn
限	*ɡrɯːnʔ
硍	*ɡrɯːnʔ
豤	kʰɯːnʔ, kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪	ɡlɯːnʔ, kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根	*kɯːn
跟	*kɯːn
珢	kɯːn, kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮	*kɯːns
茛	*kɯːns
墾	*kʰɯːnʔ
懇	*kʰɯːnʔ
垠	ŋɯːn, ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿	ŋɯːn, ŋrɯn
痕	*ɡɯːn
拫	*ɡɯːn
鞎	*ɡɯːn
很	*ɡɯːnʔ
恨	*ɡɯːns
銀	*ŋrɯn
檭	*ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn): semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yín (yin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngan⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): ngṳ̀ng / ngìng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngyng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngeng⁵ / ngêng⁵ / nging⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yín
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yín
  - Wade–Giles: yin²
  - Yale: yín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
  - Palladius: инь (inʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngan⁴
  - Yale: ngàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐn²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̀ng / ngìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyŋ⁵³/, /ŋiŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngyng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ngṳ́ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngyng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûn
  - Tâi-lô: gûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: guun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡun²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡun²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡun¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡun²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngeng⁵ / ngêng⁵ / nging⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngṳ̂ng / ngêng / ngîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɯŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋeŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋiŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

ngeng5 - Chaozhou;
ngêng5 - Jieyang;
nging5 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.

Middle Chinese: ngin, ngj+n, ngon

Rime
Character	垠	垠	垠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)	欣 (57)	痕 (53)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	I
Fanqie	語巾切	語斤切	五根切
Baxter	ngin	ngj+n	ngon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiɪn/	/ŋɨn/	/ŋən/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚin/	/ŋɨn/	/ŋən/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋien/	/ŋiən/	/ŋən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjin/	/ŋɨn/	/ŋən/
Li Rong	/ŋjĕn/	/ŋiən/	/ŋən/
Wang Li	/ŋǐĕn/	/ŋĭən/	/ŋən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ĕn/	/ŋi̯ən/	/ŋən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yín	yín	én
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngan⁴	ngan⁴	ngan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ər/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯːn/, /*ŋrɯn/, /*ŋɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yín
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ər/
English	raised border, dike
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垠	垠	垠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	3932	3940	3944
Phonetic component	艮	艮	艮
Rime group	文	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime		銀	䖐
Old Chinese	/*ŋɯːn/	/*ŋrɯn/	/*ŋɯn/
Notes			同圻

Definitions

垠

boundary; limit
dike; riverbank; raised border

Compounds

九垠
八垠
地垠
垠垠
朕垠
朱垠
沂垠
涯垠
無垠 / 无垠 (wúyín)
絕垠 / 绝垠
邊垠 / 边垠

References

“垠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “垠”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 285.

Japanese

Kanji

垠

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: ぎん (gin)
Kun: さかい (sakai, 垠い)、きし (kishi, 垠)

Korean

Hanja

垠 • (eun) (hangeul 은)

boundary
bank of stream or river

Vietnamese

Han character

垠: Hán Nôm readings: hằn, ngăn, ngấn, ngân, ngần

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.