姪
See also: 侄
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Translingual
Han character
姪 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女一戈土 (VMIG), four-corner 41414, composition ⿰女至)
Derived characters
- 𭉐
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 260, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6226
- Dae Jaweon: page 526, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1043, character 11
- Unihan data for U+59EA
Chinese
| trad. | 姪/侄 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 侄 | |
| alternative forms | 妷／侄 㜼 𡥺 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (至) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 致 | *tiɡs |
| 輊 | *tiɡs |
| 駤 | *tiɡs |
| 跮 | *tʰiɡs, *tʰiɡ |
| 荎 | *di, *diːɡ |
| 緻 | *diɡs |
| 至 | *tjiɡs |
| 鵄 | *tʰji |
| 胵 | *tʰji |
| 痓 | *tʰjiɡs |
| 咥 | *hriɡs, *tiːɡ, *diːɡ, *tʰiɡ |
| 窒 | *tiːɡ, *tiɡ |
| 蛭 | *tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 垤 | *diːɡ |
| 耋 | *diːɡ |
| 姪 | *diːɡ, *diɡ |
| 絰 | *diːɡ |
| 恎 | *diːɡ |
| 挃 | *tiɡ |
| 庢 | *tiɡ |
| 銍 | *tiɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 秷 | *tiɡ |
| 螲 | *tiɡ |
| 侄 | *diɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 桎 | *tjiɡ |
| 郅 | *tjiɡ |
| 晊 | *tjiɡ |
| 室 | *hliɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *diːɡ, *diɡ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-ləj (“grandchild; nephew”) + *-t (“nominalizing final”). Cognate with Burmese မြေး (mre:, “grandchild”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ciit7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zeh5
- Northern Min (KCR): dĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): dĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zeq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
- Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
- Wade–Giles: chih2
- Yale: jŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (姪兒 / 侄儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhír
- Zhuyin: ㄓˊㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhr
- Wade–Giles: chih2-ʼrh
- Yale: jír
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jerl
- Palladius: чжир (čžir)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ɻ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zat6 / zat6-2
- Yale: jaht / ját
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzat9 / dzat9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: zed6 / zed6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐt̚²/, /t͡sɐt̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zit5 / zit5*
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sit̚³²/, /t͡sit̚³²⁻³²⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: ciid
- Hagfa Pinyim: cid6
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: chidˋ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰit²/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: ced6
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t
- Tâi-lô: ti̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: dit
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tit̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsi̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: cit
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
- Tâi-lô: tsit
- Phofsit Daibuun: cid
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- Taiwan:
- ti̍t - vernacular;
- chit - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: diag8 / diêg8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tia̍k / tie̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiak̚⁴/, /tiek̚⁴/
Note:
- diag8 - Shantou;
- diêg8 - Chaozhou.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: drit, det
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*diːɡ/, /*diɡ/
Definitions
姪
- fraternal nephew or niece (originally only of a woman, but also of a man after the Jìn dynasty)
- child of a (male) friend in the same generation
- Used to call oneself before someone in one's father's generation.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 姪子 (“fraternal nephew (brother's son)”) [map]
Antonyms
- 甥 (shēng)
Compounds
- 世姪 / 世侄 (shìzhí)
- 世姪女 / 世侄女
- 內姪 / 内侄 (nèizhí)
- 內姪女 / 内侄女
- 叔姪 / 叔侄 (shūzhí)
- 堂姪 / 堂侄
- 堂姪女 / 堂侄女
- 女姪 / 女侄
- 姪仔 / 侄仔
- 姪兒 / 侄儿
- 姪兒子 / 侄儿子
- 姪女 / 侄女 (zhínǚ)
- 姪女婿 / 侄女婿
- 姪婦 / 侄妇 (zhífù)
- 姪子 / 侄子 (zhízi)
- 姪孫 / 侄孙 (zhísūn)
- 姪男 / 侄男
- 嫡堂姪 / 嫡堂侄
- 子姪 / 子侄 (zǐzhí)
- 小姪 / 小侄 (xiǎozhí)
- 年姪 / 年侄
- 老賢姪 / 老贤侄
- 蠪姪 / 𰲴侄
- 表姪 / 表侄 (biǎozhí)
- 表姪女 / 表侄女 (biǎozhínǚ)
- 賢姪 / 贤侄
- 阿姪 / 阿侄
References
Japanese
Kanji
姪
Readings
- Go-on: でち (dechi)、じち (jichi)←ぢち (diti, historical)
- Kan-on: てつ (tetsu)、ちつ (chitsu)
- Kun: めい (mei, 姪)←めひ (mefi, 姪, historical)、おい (oi, 姪)←をひ (wofi, 姪, historical)
Compounds
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 姪 |
| めい Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese; attested in the Ryūnoshūge (738) as 売比 ⟨me1 pi1⟩.[1]
- ⟨me1 pi1⟩ → /mefi/ → /mei/
The initial me- has been frequently associated with 女 (me, “female”).[1]
Pronunciation
- Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
- (the Heian period) LL
- (the Edo period) HL
- ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [1]
Noun
Coordinate terms
- 甥 (oi, “nephew”)
Derived terms
- 姪御 (meigo)
- 姪っ子 (meikko)
- 孫姪 (umagomei)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 “めい［めひ］ 【姪】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Korean
Hanja
姪 • (jil, jeol) (hangeul 질, 절, revised jil, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chil, chŏl)
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Vietnamese
Han character
姪: Hán Nôm readings: điệt
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