子曰

Chinese

		child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight	to speak; to say
trad. (子曰)		子	曰
simp. ^#(子曰)		子	曰

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zǐyuē

(Zhuyin): ㄗˇ ㄩㄝ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi³ yue¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi² joek⁶ / zi² jyut⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsy ⁸yoq; ⁵tsy ⁸yuq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǐyuē
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˇ ㄩㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǐhyue
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ³-yüeh¹
  - Yale: dž-ywē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyyiue
  - Palladius: цзыюэ (czyjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zi³ yue¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zye
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵³ ye⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi² joek⁶ / zi² jyut⁶
  - Yale: jí yeuhk / jí yuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi² joek⁹ / dzi² jyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji² yêg⁶ / ji² yud⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵ jœːk̚²/, /t͡siː³⁵ jyːt̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsy ⁸yoq; ⁵tsy ⁸yuq
  - MiniDict: tsy^去 yoh^入; tsy^去 yuih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsr ⁵hhioq; ²tsr ⁵hhyq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ɦioʔ¹²/, /t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ɦyɪʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: tsiX hjwot

Rime
Character	子	曰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	即里切	王伐切
Baxter	tsiX	hjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨ^X/	/ɦʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɨ^X/	/ɦʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sie^X/	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨ^X/	/ɦuat̚/
Li Rong	/t͡siə^X/	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭə^X/	/ɣĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si^X/	/i̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǐ	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi²	jyut⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tsəʔ [ɢ]ʷat/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯʔ ɢʷad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	子	曰
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǐ	yuē
Middle Chinese	‹ tsi^X ›	‹ hjwot ›
Old Chinese	/*tsəʔ/	/*[ɢ]ʷat/
English	child; gentleman, master	say
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	子	曰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17857	16312
Phonetic component	子	曰
Rime group	之	月
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	子	越
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯʔ/	/*ɢʷad/

Phrase

子曰

Confucius said; the Master said

Usage notes

This phrase is frequently used in Analects (論語), as it mainly records Confucius' speeches.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (子曰):

→ Korean: 자왈(子曰) (jawal)

→ Japanese: 子曰く (Shi iwaku, Shi notamawaku) (calque)

Noun

子曰

(Sichuanese) reason (Classifier: 個／个)
- 說話不作數，你給大家說個子曰嘛 [Sichuanese, trad.]
  说话不作数，你给大家说个子曰嘛 [Sichuanese, simp.]
  From: 成都方言詞典
  so² hua⁴ bu² zo su⁴ nyi³ ge¹ da⁴ jia¹ so² go⁴ zi³ yue¹ ma [Sichuanese Pinyin]
  You've got to give us a reason for not keeping your word.