論語

See also: 论语

Chinese

		to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)	speech; language; dialect speech; language; dialect; tell to
trad. (論語)		論	語
simp. (论语)		论	语

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Lúnyǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄩˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): leon⁴ jyu⁵ / leon⁶ jyu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Lùn-ngî
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Lûn-gír / Lūn-gú / Lûn-gú / Lūn-gí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Lúnyǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄩˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Lúnyǔ
  - Wade–Giles: Lun²-yü³
  - Yale: Lwún-yǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luenyeu
  - Palladius: Луньюй (Lunʹjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ən³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: leon⁴ jyu⁵ / leon⁶ jyu⁵
  - Yale: lèuhn yúh / leuhn yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loen⁴ jy⁵ / loen⁶ jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: lên⁴ yu⁵ / lên⁶ yu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵn²¹ jyː¹³/, /lɵn²² jyː¹³/

Note: leon6 jyu5 - variant.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Lùn-ngî
  - Hakka Romanization System: lun^ˇ ngi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lun² ngi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /lun¹¹ ŋi²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lûn-gír
  - Tâi-lô: Lûn-gír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lun²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lūn-gú
  - Tâi-lô: Lūn-gú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luxn'guo
  - IPA (Taipei): /lun³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lûn-gú
  - Tâi-lô: Lûn-gú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lun'guo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lun²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lūn-gí
  - Tâi-lô: Lūn-gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luxn'gie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lun²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lun³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: lwin ngjoX

Rime
Character	論	語
Reading #	1/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力迍切	魚巨切
Baxter	lwin	ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuɪn/	/ŋɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷin/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuen/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwin/	/ŋɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/liuĕn/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/lĭuĕn/	/ŋĭo^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯uĕn/	/ŋi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lún	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leon⁴	jyu⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]u[n] ŋ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*run ŋaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	論	語
Reading #	1/3	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lún	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ lwin ›	‹ ngjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]u[n]/	/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English	(in name of Lúnyǔ 論語)	speak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	論	語
Reading #	3/3	1/2
No.	8667	13159
Phonetic component	侖	五
Rime group	文	魚
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	淪	語
Old Chinese	/*run/	/*ŋaʔ/

Proper noun

論語

Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)
- 半部論語治天下 [MSC, trad.]
  半部论语治天下 [MSC, simp.]
  From: attributed to 趙普 Zhao Pu, based on a line in 高文秀 Gao Wenxiu's play《好酒趙元遇上皇》 Tippler Zhao Yuan Encounters the Prior Emperor
  bàn bù Lúnyǔ zhì tiānxià [Pinyin]
  With a knowledge of only half of the Analects I can govern all under heaven.
- 每決大事，啟文觀書，乃《論語》也，此時稱小官以半部《論語》治一天下。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  每决大事，启文观书，乃《论语》也，此时称小官以半部《论语》治一天下。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: 高文秀 Gao Wenxiu, 《好酒趙元遇上皇》 Tippler Zhao Yuan Encounters the Prior Emperor, [Yuan dynasty]
  Měi jué dàshì, qǐwén guānshū, nǎi “lùnyǔ” yě, cǐshí chēng xiǎoguān yǐ bàn bù “lùnyǔ” zhì yī tiānxià. [Pinyin]
  Each time I decide on some important affair, I open up a piece of writing — the Analects. Now it is said of me that “I order the empire with half of the Analects.”

Coordinate terms

四書五經／四书五经 (Sìshūwǔjīng, “Four Books and Five Classics”)

四書／四书 (Sìshū, “Four Books”)

大學／大学 (Dàxué, “Great Learning”)
中庸 (Zhōngyōng, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
論語／论语 (Lúnyǔ, “Analects”)
孟子 (Mèngzǐ, “Mencius”)

五經／五经 (Wǔjīng, “Five Classics”)

詩經／诗经 (Shījīng, “Classic of Poetry”)
書經／书经 (Shūjīng, “Book of Documents”)
禮記／礼记 (Lǐjì, “Book of Rites”)
易經／易经 (Yìjīng, “I Ching”)
春秋 (Chūnqiū, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
論	語
ろん Grade: 6	ご Grade: 2
on'yomi	goon

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ろんご [ròńgó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) ろんご [róꜜǹgò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾõ̞ŋɡo̞]

Proper noun

論(ろん)語(ご) • (Rongo)

Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)

Coordinate terms

四(し)書(しょ)五(ご)経(きょう) (Shisho Gokyō, “Four Books and Five Classics”)

四(し)書(しょ) (Shisho, “Four Books”)

大(だい)学(がく) (Daigaku, “Great Learning”)
中(ちゅう)庸(よう) (Chūyō, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
論(ろん)語(ご) (Rongo, “Analects”)
孟(もう)子(し) (Mōshi, “Mencius”)

五(ご)経(きょう) (Gokyō, “Five Classics”)

詩(しき)経(ょう) (Shikyō, “Classic of Poetry”)
書(しょ)経(きょう) (Shokyō, “Book of Documents”)
礼(らい)記(き) (Raiki, “Book of Rites”)
易(えき)経(きょう) (Ekikyō, “I Ching”)
春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) (Shunjū, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
論	語

Proper noun

論語 • (Noneo) (hangeul 논어)

hanja form^? of 논어 (“Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”)

Coordinate terms

사서오경 (四書五經, Saseoogyeong, “Four Books and Five Classics”)

사서 (四書, Saseo, “Four Books”)

대학 (大學, Daehak, “Great Learning”)
중용 (中庸, Jung'yong, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
논어 (論語, Noneo, “Analects”)
맹자 (孟子, Maengja, “Mencius”)

오경 (五經, Ogyeong, “Five Classics”)

시경 (詩經, Sigyeong, “Classic of Poetry”)
서경 (書經, Seogyeong, “Book of Documents”)
예기 (禮記, Yegi, “Book of Rites”)
역경 (易經, Yeokgyeong, “I Ching”)
춘추 (春秋, Chunchu, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
論	語

Proper noun

論語

chữ Hán form of Luận Ngữ (“Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”)

Coordinate terms

Tứ thư Ngũ kinh (四書五經, “Four Books and Five Classics”)

Tứ thư (四書, “Four Books”)

Đại Học (大學, “Great Learning”)
Trung Dung (中庸, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
Luận Ngữ (論語, “Analects”)
Mạnh Tử (孟子, “Mencius”)

Ngũ kinh (五經, “Five Classics”)

Kinh Thi (經詩, “Classic of Poetry”)
Kinh Thư (經書, “Book of Documents”)
Kinh Lễ (經禮, “Book of Rites”)
Kinh Dịch (經易, “I Ching”)
Kinh Xuân Thu (經春秋, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

[SMK7-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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