孟子

Chinese

		first month; eldest brother; surname	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
simp. and trad. (孟子)		孟	子

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Mèngzǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ ㄗˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maang⁶ zi²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Men-chṳ́
Eastern Min (BUC): Mâing-cṳ̄
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bēng-chú

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Mèngzǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ ㄗˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Mèngzǐh
  - Wade–Giles: Mêng⁴-tzŭ³
  - Yale: Mèng-dž
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Menqtzyy
  - Palladius: Мэнцзы (Mɛnczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: maang⁶ zi²
  - Yale: maahng jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maang⁶ dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: mang⁶ ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Men-chṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: men zii^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: men⁴ zi³
  - Sinological IPA: /men⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Mâing-cṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒy³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bēng-chú
  - Tâi-lô: Bīng-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bexngzuo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

Middle Chinese: maengH tsiX

Rime
Character	孟	子
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	莫更切	即里切
Baxter	maengH	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠæŋ^H/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaŋ^H/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/maŋ^H/	/t͡sie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨjŋ^H/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Li Rong	/mɐŋ^H/	/t͡siə^X/
Wang Li	/mɐŋ^H/	/t͡sĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɐŋ^H/	/t͡si^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mèng	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mang⁶	zi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraŋ-s tsəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋs ʔslɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孟	子
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mèng	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ mæng^H ›	‹ tsi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁraŋ-s/	/*tsəʔ/
English	eldest, great	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孟	子
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9152	17857
Phonetic component	皿	子
Rime group	陽	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	孟	子
Old Chinese	/*mraːŋs/	/*ʔslɯʔ/

Proper noun

孟子

Mencius (a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal thinkers of Confucianism)
- 我欲中國而授孟子室。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  我欲中国而授孟子室。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì. [Pinyin]
  I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.
Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)

Coordinate terms

四書五經／四书五经 (Sìshūwǔjīng, “Four Books and Five Classics”)

四書／四书 (Sìshū, “Four Books”)

大學／大学 (Dàxué, “Great Learning”)
中庸 (Zhōngyōng, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
論語／论语 (Lúnyǔ, “Analects”)
孟子 (Mèngzǐ, “Mencius”)

五經／五经 (Wǔjīng, “Five Classics”)

詩經／诗经 (Shījīng, “Classic of Poetry”)
書經／书经 (Shūjīng, “Book of Documents”)
禮記／礼记 (Lǐjì, “Book of Rites”)
易經／易经 (Yìjīng, “I Ching”)
春秋 (Chūnqiū, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孟子):

→ Japanese: 孟(もう)子(し) (Mōshi)
→ Korean: 맹자(孟子) (Maengja)
→ Vietnamese: Mạnh Tử (孟子)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi)
- Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi), Мэнз (Menz)
→ English: Mengzi
→ Latin: Mencius
- → English: Mencius
  - → Chinese: 門修斯 (Ménxiūsī)
→ Manchu: ᠮᡝᠩᡯ (mengdz)
→ Tibetan: མེང་ཙི (meng tsi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
孟	子
もう Jinmeiyō	し Grade: 1
goon

Etymology

From Chinese 孟子 (Mèngzǐ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mo̞ːɕi]

Proper noun

孟(もう)子(し) • (Mōshi) ^{←まうし (Mausi)^?}

Mencius (Chinese philosopher)
Mencius (one of the Four Books)

Coordinate terms

四(し)書(しょ)五(ご)経(きょう) (Shisho Gokyō, “Four Books and Five Classics”)

四(し)書(しょ) (Shisho, “Four Books”)

大(だい)学(がく) (Daigaku, “Great Learning”)
中(ちゅう)庸(よう) (Chūyō, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
論(ろん)語(ご) (Rongo, “Analects”)
孟(もう)子(し) (Mōshi, “Mencius”)

五(ご)経(きょう) (Gokyō, “Five Classics”)

詩(しき)経(ょう) (Shikyō, “Classic of Poetry”)
書(しょ)経(きょう) (Shokyō, “Book of Documents”)
礼(らい)記(き) (Raiki, “Book of Rites”)
易(えき)経(きょう) (Ekikyō, “I Ching”)
春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) (Shunjū, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
孟	子

Proper noun

孟子 • (Maengja) (hangeul 맹자)

hanja form^? of 맹자 (“Mencius, a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism”)
hanja form^? of 맹자 (“Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”)

Coordinate terms

사서오경 (四書五經, Saseoogyeong, “Four Books and Five Classics”)

사서 (四書, Saseo, “Four Books”)

대학 (大學, Daehak, “Great Learning”)
중용 (中庸, Jung'yong, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
논어 (論語, Noneo, “Analects”)
맹자 (孟子, Maengja, “Mencius”)

오경 (五經, Ogyeong, “Five Classics”)

시경 (詩經, Sigyeong, “Classic of Poetry”)
서경 (書經, Seogyeong, “Book of Documents”)
예기 (禮記, Yegi, “Book of Rites”)
역경 (易經, Yeokgyeong, “I Ching”)
춘추 (春秋, Chunchu, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
孟	子

Proper noun

孟子

chữ Hán form of Mạnh Tử (“Mencius, a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism”)
chữ Hán form of Mạnh Tử (“Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”)

Coordinate terms

Tứ thư Ngũ kinh (四書五經, “Four Books and Five Classics”)

Tứ thư (四書, “Four Books”)

Đại Học (大學, “Great Learning”)
Trung Dung (中庸, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
Luận Ngữ (論語, “Analects”)
Mạnh Tử (孟子, “Mencius”)

Ngũ kinh (五經, “Five Classics”)

Kinh Thi (經詩, “Classic of Poetry”)
Kinh Thư (經書, “Book of Documents”)
Kinh Lễ (經禮, “Book of Rites”)
Kinh Dịch (經易, “I Ching”)
Kinh Xuân Thu (經春秋, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

Chinese

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Coordinate terms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Coordinate terms

See also

Korean

Proper noun

Coordinate terms

Vietnamese

Proper noun

Coordinate terms