慕

慕	U+6155, 慕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6155

← 慔
[U+6154]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慖 →
[U+6156]

Translingual

Han character

慕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿日大心 (TAKP), four-corner 4433₃, composition ⿱莫㣺)

Related characters

Derived characters

𭋼, 𫲎, 𫾕, 𤪶, 𮍋, 𮪶

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 32
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11088
Dae Jaweon: page 737, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2340, character 3
Unihan data for U+6155

Chinese

trad.		慕
simp. ^#		慕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 慕
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	maː, maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	maː, maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	maːɡ, mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːɡs): phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ) + semantic 㣺 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mù (mu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mu

(Hailu, HRS): mu^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): mu⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bou⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bō͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mu; ⁶mo

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mù
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mù
  - Wade–Giles: mu⁴
  - Yale: mù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
  - Palladius: му (mu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mou⁶
  - Yale: mouh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu
  - Hakka Romanization System: mu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mu⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: mu^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mu⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bou⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bou⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔu²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘
  - Tâi-lô: bōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mo⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mŏ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶mu; ⁶mo
  - MiniDict: mu^去; mo^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mu; ³mo
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mu²³/, /mo²³/

Middle Chinese: muH

Rime
Character	慕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫故切
Baxter	muH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/muo^H/
Shao Rongfen	/mo^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ^H/
Li Rong	/mo^H/
Wang Li	/mu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*(C.)mˤak-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ mu^H ›
Old Chinese	/*(C.)mˁak-s/
English	love; long for
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慕
Reading #	1/1
No.	9248
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	暮
Old Chinese	/*maːɡs/

Definitions

慕

to admire; to adore
to long for; to desire; to yearn
a surname

Compounds

不慕
企慕 (qǐmù)
仰慕 (yǎngmù)
傾慕 / 倾慕 (qīngmù)
嚮慕 / 向慕 (xiàngmù)
孺慕
弋者何慕
心慕手追
心慕筆追 / 心慕笔追
思慕 (sīmù)
怨慕
想慕
愛慕 / 爱慕 (àimù)
感慕
慕勢 / 慕势
慕化
慕古
慕名
慕名而來 / 慕名而来
慕容 (Mùróng)
慕效
慕義 / 慕义
慕羶
慕藺 / 慕蔺
慕道 (mùdào)
慕顧 / 慕顾
戀慕 / 恋慕 (liànmù)
敬慕 (jìngmù)
景慕 (jǐngmù)
欽慕 / 钦慕 (qīnmù)
歆慕 (xīnmù)
永慕
注慕
渴慕 (kěmù)
百慕達 / 百慕达 (Bǎimùdá)
終天之慕 / 终天之慕
羨慕 / 羡慕 (xiànmù)
羶慕
蟻慕 / 蚁慕
貪位慕祿 / 贪位慕禄
貪榮慕利 / 贪荣慕利
貪財慕勢 / 贪财慕势
趨財慕勢 / 趋财慕势
軫慕 / 轸慕
那達慕 / 那达慕 (nàdámù)
鄉風慕義 / 乡风慕义

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “慕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

Japanese

Kanji

慕

(Jōyō kanji)

pining

Readings

Go-on: も (mo)
Kan-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
Kun: したう (shitau, 慕う, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

慕 (eumhun 그리워할 모 (geuriwohal mo))

hanja form^? of 모 (“long for, desire”)
hanja form^? of 모 (“admire”)

Vietnamese

Han character

慕: Hán Nôm readings: mộ, mồ

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