懦

懦	U+61E6, 懦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61E6

← 懥
[U+61E5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

懧 →
[U+61E7]

Translingual

Han character

懦 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 心一月月 (PMBB), four-corner 9102₇, composition ⿰忄需)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 407, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11390
Dae Jaweon: page 748, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2364, character 19
Unihan data for U+61E6

Chinese

trad.		懦
simp. ^#		懦
alternative forms		㐡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 懦
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (需) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
羺	*noː
獳	*noː
擩	noːs, njoʔ, njos, njul, *njod
譳	*noːs
懦	noːls, njo
糯	*noːls
需	*sno
繻	sno, njo
鑐	*sno
儒	*njo
濡	njo, noːn
襦	*njo
嚅	*njo
顬	*njo
鱬	*njo
嬬	*njo
臑	*njo
醹	njo, njoʔ
蠕	*njo
孺	*njos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *noːls, *njo): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).

Etymology

Probably cognate with 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”), see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nuò (nuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): no⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): nō͘ / nǒ͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): no³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nuò
  - Wade–Giles: no⁴
  - Yale: nwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuoh
  - Palladius: но (no)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: no⁶
  - Yale: noh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: no⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: no⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɔː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nō͘
  - Tâi-lô: nōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: no
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nɔ̃²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nɔ̃³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǒ͘
  - Tâi-lô: nǒo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nɔ̃²²/
  - IPA (Philippines): /nɔ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: no³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /no²¹³/

Middle Chinese: nyu

Rime
Character	懦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	人朱切
Baxter	nyu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵio/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuə̆/
Li Rong	/ȵio/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*noːls/, /*njo/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懦	懦
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13964	13974
Phonetic component	需	需
Rime group	歌	侯
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime		儒
Old Chinese	/*noːls/	/*njo/

Definitions

懦

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) cowardly; weak
Synonym: 懦弱 (nuòruò)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) soft
(Hokkien) sluggish; slow; spiritless; listless; timid; lazy

Compounds

廉頑立懦 / 廉顽立懦
怯懦 (qiènuò)
愚懦
懦夫 (nuòfū)
懦弱 (nuòruò)
懦愚
懦懦
懦鈍 / 懦钝
懦響 / 懦响
柔懦
柔懦寡斷 / 柔懦寡断
柔糯
選懦 / 选懦
闒懦 / 阘懦
頑廉懦立 / 顽廉懦立

Japanese

Kanji

懦

(Hyōgai kanji)

Weak
Timid
Imbecile

Readings

Go-on: な (na)、にゅ (nyu)
Kan-on: じゅ (ju)、だ (da)
On: ぜん (zen)、ねん (nen)、だん (dan)、なん (nan)
Kun: よわい (yowai, 懦い)

Korean

Hanja

懦 • (na, yu) (hangeul 나, 유, revised na, yu, McCune–Reischauer na, yu, Yale na, yu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

懦: Hán Nôm readings: nhụa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.