才能

Chinese

		ability; talent; endowment ability; talent; endowment; gift; an expert; only (then); only if; just	ability; can; may ability; can; may; capable; energy; able
trad. (才能)		才	能
simp. ^#(才能)		才	能

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cáinéng

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˊ ㄋㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coi⁴ nang⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhòi-nèn

(Hailu, HRS): coi nen

(Meixian, Guangdong): coi² nen²
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zai² neng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): châi-lêng / châi-nn̂g

(Teochew, Peng'im): cai⁵ nêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cáinéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˊ ㄋㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cáinéng
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻai²-nêng²
  - Yale: tsái-néng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsairneng
  - Palladius: цайнэн (cajnɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ nɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: coi⁴ nang⁴
  - Yale: chòih nàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi⁴ nang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: coi⁴ neng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ nɐŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòi-nèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: coi^ˇ nen^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: coi² nen²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoi̯¹¹ nen¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: coi nen
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoi⁵⁵ nen⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: coi² nen²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoɪ¹¹ nən¹¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zai² neng² [Phonetic: zai⁵ neng²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cái-néng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai¹³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zai² neng² [Phonetic: zai⁵ neng²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi-lêng
  - Tâi-lô: tsâi-lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaileeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi-nn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: tsâi-nn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zainngg
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² nŋ̍²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cai⁵ nêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshâi nêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ neŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzoj nong

Rime
Character	才	能
Reading #	1/2	2/4
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	昨哉切	奴登切
Baxter	dzoj	nong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zʌi/	/nəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zəi/	/nəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɒi/	/nəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zəj/	/nəŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡zᴀi/	/nəŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡zɒi/	/nəŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑ̆i/	/nəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cái	néng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coi⁴	nang⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤə nˤə(ʔ)/

(Zhengzhang): /*zlɯː nɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	才	能
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cái	néng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzoj ›	‹ nong ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁə/	/nˁə(ʔ)/ (~ nˁəŋ)
English	talent, ability	able; ability
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	才	能
Reading #	1/2	3/4
No.	1061	9415
Phonetic component	才	能
Rime group	之	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	裁	能
Old Chinese	/*zlɯː/	/*nɯːŋ/

Noun

才能

ability; talent; competence
(literary) person of talent

Synonyms

edit

一手
人才 (réncái)
伎倆 / 伎俩 (jìliǎng) (literary)
俊才 (jùncái)
兩手 / 两手 (liǎngshǒu)
力 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
力量 (lìliàng)
功力 (gōnglì)
功夫 (gōngfu) (especially in martial arts)
天才 (tiāncái) (genius)
才具 (cáijù) (formal)
才力 (cáilì)
才器 (cáiqì) (literary)
才幹 / 才干 (cáigàn)
才情 (cáiqíng)
手段 (shǒuduàn)
手法 (shǒufǎ)
手眼 (shǒuyǎn)
手腕 (shǒuwàn)
手腕子 (shou³ onn³ zr) (Xiang)
才華 / 才华 (cáihuá)
技巧 (jìqiǎo)
把式 (bǎshì) (dialectal)
技能 (jìnéng)
技藝 / 技艺 (jìyì)
技術 / 技术 (jìshù)
招數 / 招数 (zhāoshù)
本事
本領 / 本领 (běnlǐng)
材幹 / 材干 (cáigān) (Classical Chinese)
能力 (nénglì)
能為 / 能为 (néngwéi) (literary, dialectal)
能耐 (néngnài) (colloquial)
能量 (néngliàng)
花頭 / 花头 (Wu)
著數 / 着数
解數 / 解数
資力 / 资力 (zīlì)
路數 / 路数 (lùshù)
身手 (shēnshǒu)
道行

Derived terms

才能幹濟 / 才能干济
特殊才能

Related terms

才學／才学 (cáixué)
才智 (cáizhì)
學問／学问 (xuéwèn)
智慧 (zhìhuì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (才能):

→ Japanese: 才能(さいのう) (sainō)
→ Korean: 재능(才能) (jaeneung)
→ Vietnamese: tài năng (才能)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
才	能
さい Grade: 2	のう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さいのー [sàínóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sa̠ino̞ː]

Noun

才(さい)能(のう) • (sainō)

ability, talent
才能(さいのう)が貧(まず)しい
sainō ga mazushii
I'm poor in ability.

才能(さいのう)を伸(の)ばす
sainō o nobasu
I will extend my abilities.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
才	能

Noun

才能 • (jaeneung) (hangeul 재능)

hanja form^? of 재능 (“talent, ability”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
才	能

Noun

才能

chữ Hán form of tài năng (“talent”)

[DJR4-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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