放心

Chinese

		to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out	heart; mind
simp. and trad. (放心)		放	心

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fàngxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fong³ sam¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fong¹ lhim¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fong-sîm

(Hailu, HRS): fong^ˇ sim^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): fong⁴ xim¹ / biong⁴ xim¹
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng⁴ sing¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hòng-sim / pàng-sim

(Teochew, Peng'im): bang³ sim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fàngxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fàngsin
  - Wade–Giles: fang⁴-hsin¹
  - Yale: fàng-syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqshin
  - Palladius: фансинь (fansinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fong³ sam¹
  - Yale: fong sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong³ sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong³ sem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³³ sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fong¹ lhim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔŋ³³ ɬim³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fong-sîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong xim^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong⁴ xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵⁵ sim²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˇ sim^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹ sim⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fong⁴ xim¹ / biong⁴ xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fɔŋ⁵³ ɕim⁴⁴/, /piɔŋ⁵³ ɕim⁴⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng⁴ sing¹ [Phonetic: horng¹ sing¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ho̤̍ng-sing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬiŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng⁴ sing¹ [Phonetic: horng¹ sing¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng⁴ sing¹ [Phonetic: horng¹ sing¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ θiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng-sim
  - Tâi-lô: hòng-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: horngsym
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sim³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Singapore, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-sim
  - Tâi-lô: pàng-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: parngsym
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sim³³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴² sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sim⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bang³ sim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pàng sim
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sim³³/

Middle Chinese: pjangH sim

Rime
Character	放	心
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	甫妄切	息林切
Baxter	pjangH	sim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐŋ^H/	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐŋ^H/	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɑŋ^H/	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puaŋ^H/	/sim/
Li Rong	/piuaŋ^H/	/siəm/
Wang Li	/pĭwaŋ^H/	/sĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/piwaŋ^H/	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fàng	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong³	sam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*paŋ-s səm/

(Zhengzhang): /*paŋs slɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	放	心
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fàng	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ pjang^H ›	‹ sim ›
Old Chinese	/*paŋ-s/	/*səm/
English	release; let go	heart
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	放	心
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	3038	13801
Phonetic component	方	心
Rime group	陽	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	放	心
Old Chinese	/*paŋs/	/*slɯm/

Verb

放⫽心 (verb-object) (intransitive)

to set one's mind at rest; to be at ease; to feel relieved; to be rest assured; to not worry; to be safe; to have peace of mind
放心，我會守口如瓶的。 [MSC, trad.]
放心，我会守口如瓶的。 [MSC, simp.]
Fàngxīn, wǒ huì shǒukǒurúpíng de. [Pinyin]
Don't worry, my lips are sealed.

放心吧，這事包在我身上。 [MSC, trad.]
放心吧，这事包在我身上。 [MSC, simp.]
Fàngxīn ba, zhè shì bāo zài wǒ shēnshang. [Pinyin]
Don't worry! Just leave it to me.
- 您現在可以放心關機 [MSC, trad.]
  您现在可以放心关机 [MSC, simp.]
  From: Windows 95 (Taiwan)
  nín xiànzài kěyǐ fàngxīn guānjī [Pinyin]
  It's now safe to turn off your computer.
(literary, of the mind) to indulge
(literary, of the will of the people) to scatter

Synonyms

(to set one's mind at rest): 安心 (ānxīn); (Hokkien) 落心

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to set one's mind at rest”): 憂慮／忧虑 (yōulǜ), (Hokkien) 煞心

Adjective

放心

(attributive) quality-assured
放心肉 ― fàngxīn ròu ― quality-assured meat

Noun

放心

(literary) indulgent mind

Adverb

放心

(literary) determinedly

References

李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “2093 放心”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 489.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
放	心
ほう Grade: 3	しん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほーしん [hòóshíń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ho̞ːɕĩɴ]

Noun

放(ほう)心(しん) • (hōshin) ^{←はうしん (fausin)^?}

being in a trance
びっくりしすぎて放心(ほうしん)状態(じょうたい)
bikkurishisugite hōshin jōtai
shocked into a trance
being at ease

Verb

放(ほう)心(しん)する • (hōshin suru) ^{←はうしん (fausin)^?}intransitive suru (stem 放(ほう)心(しん)し (hōshin shi), past 放(ほう)心(しん)した (hōshin shita))

to be in a trance
to be at ease

Conjugation

Conjugation of "放心する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	放心し	ほうしんし	hōshin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	放心し	ほうしんし	hōshin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	放心する	ほうしんする	hōshin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	放心する	ほうしんする	hōshin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	放心すれ	ほうしんすれ	hōshin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	放心せよ¹ 放心しろ²	ほうしんせよ¹ ほうしんしろ²	hōshin seyo¹ hōshin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	放心される	ほうしんされる	hōshin sareru
Causative	放心させる放心さす	ほうしんさせるほうしんさす	hōshin saseru hōshin sasu
Potential	放心できる	ほうしんできる	hōshin dekiru
Volitional	放心しよう	ほうしんしよう	hōshin shiyō
Negative	放心しない	ほうしんしない	hōshin shinai
Negative continuative	放心せず	ほうしんせず	hōshin sezu
Formal	放心します	ほうしんします	hōshin shimasu
Perfective	放心した	ほうしんした	hōshin shita
Conjunctive	放心して	ほうしんして	hōshin shite
Hypothetical conditional	放心すれば	ほうしんすれば	hōshin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
放	心

Noun

放心 • (bangsim) (hangeul 방심)

hanja form^? of 방심 (“being careless and unprepared”)

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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