明瞭

See also: 明了

Chinese

		clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty	look afar from a high place; clear
trad. (明瞭/明了)		明	瞭/了
simp. (明了)		明	了

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): míngliǎo

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁴ liu⁴ / ming⁴ liu⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mìn-liàu / mìn-liáu

(Hailu, HRS): min liau^ˊ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bêng-liáu / bêng-liâu

(Teochew, Peng'im): mêng⁵ liao²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: míngliǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: míngliǎo
  - Wade–Giles: ming²-liao³
  - Yale: míng-lyǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingleau
  - Palladius: минляо (minljao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ming⁴ liu⁴ / ming⁴ liu⁵
  - Yale: mìhng lìuh / mìhng líuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁴ liu⁴ / ming⁴ liu⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ming⁴ liu⁴ / ming⁴ liu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²¹ liːu̯²¹/, /mɪŋ²¹ liːu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-liàu / mìn-liáu
  - Hakka Romanization System: min^ˇ liau^ˇ / min^ˇ liau^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: min² liau² / min² liau³
  - Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ li̯au̯¹¹/, /min¹¹ li̯au̯³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: min liau^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /min⁵⁵ liau²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-liáu
  - Tâi-lô: bîng-liáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bengliao
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liau⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³⁻²² liau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-liâu
  - Tâi-lô: bîng-liâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bengliaau
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ liau²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³⁻³³ liau²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mêng⁵ liao²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mêng liáu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ liau⁵²/

Adjective

明瞭

clear; apparent

Synonyms

edit

分明 (fēnmíng)
分曉 / 分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
明白
明確 / 明确 (míngquè)
清晰 (qīngxī)
清朗 (qīnglǎng)
清楚
疏朗 (shūlǎng) (literary)
鮮明 / 鲜明 (xiānmíng)

Derived terms

簡單明瞭 / 简单明了 (jiǎndān-míngliǎo)

Verb

明瞭

to clearly know or understand
- 為了明瞭基於變革現實的實踐而產生的辯證唯物論的認識運動——認識的逐漸深化的運動，下面再舉出幾個具體的例子。 [MSC, trad.]
  为了明了基于变革现实的实践而产生的辩证唯物论的认识运动——认识的逐渐深化的运动，下面再举出几个具体的例子。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
  Wèile míngliǎo jīyú biàngé xiànshí de shíjiàn ér chǎnshēng de biànzhèng wéiwùlùn de rènshi yùndòng — rènshi de zhújiàn shēnhuà de yùndòng, xiàmiàn zài jǔchū jǐge jùtǐ de lìzi. [Pinyin]
  To make clear the dialectical-materialist movement of cognition arising on the basis of the practice which changes reality—to make clear the gradually deepening movement of cognition—a few additional concrete examples are given below.

Synonyms

edit

了解 (liǎojiě)
佔有 / 占有 (zhànyǒu)
分曉 / 分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
參悟 / 参悟 (cānwù)
悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
懂 (dǒng)
懂得 (dǒngde)
打生 (Wenzhounese)
把握 (bǎwò)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
明 (ming⁴) (Cantonese)
明白
曉得 / 晓得 (xiǎode)
會悟 / 会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
洞悉 (dòngxī)
清亮 (mainland China)
清楚
熟似 (Hokkien)
熟悉 (shúxī)
熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
熟識 / 熟识 (shúshí)
理會 / 理会 (lǐhuì)
理解 (lǐjiě)
瞭悟 / 了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
知曉 / 知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
知識 / 知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
知道 (zhīdào)
覺 / 觉
覺悟 / 觉悟 (juéwù)
覺醒 / 觉醒 (juéxǐng)
認識 / 认识
諳曉 / 谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
諳達 / 谙达 (āndá) (literary)
貫通 / 贯通 (guàntōng)
通曉 / 通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
通達 / 通达 (tōngdá)
達 / 达 (literary, or in compounds)
醒悟 (xǐngwù)
開悟 / 开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
領悟 / 领悟 (lǐngwù)
領會 / 领会 (lǐnghuì)
領略 / 领略 (lǐnglüè)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
明	瞭
めい Grade: 2	りょう Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

Middle Chinese 明瞭

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) めーりょー [mèéryóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [me̞ːɾʲo̞ː]

Adjective

明(めい)瞭(りょう) • (meiryō) ^{←めいれう (meireu)^?}-na (adnominal 明(めい)瞭(りょう)な (meiryō na), adverbial 明(めい)瞭(りょう)に (meiryō ni))

clear, apparent
明瞭(めいりょう)な口調(くちょう)で答(こた)えた。
Meiryō na kuchō de kotaeta.
They answered in a clear and distinct manner.

Inflection

Inflection of 明瞭

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	明瞭だろ	めいりょうだろ	meiryō daro
Continuative (連用形)	明瞭で	めいりょうで	meiryō de
Terminal (終止形)	明瞭だ	めいりょうだ	meiryō da
Attributive (連体形)	明瞭な	めいりょうな	meiryō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	明瞭なら	めいりょうなら	meiryō nara
Imperative (命令形)	明瞭であれ	めいりょうであれ	meiryō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	明瞭ではない明瞭じゃない	めいりょうではないめいりょうじゃない	meiryō de wa nai meiryō ja nai
Informal past	明瞭だった	めいりょうだった	meiryō datta
Informal negative past	明瞭ではなかった明瞭じゃなかった	めいりょうではなかっためいりょうじゃなかった	meiryō de wa nakatta meiryō ja nakatta
Formal	明瞭です	めいりょうです	meiryō desu
Formal negative	明瞭ではありません明瞭じゃありません	めいりょうではありませんめいりょうじゃありません	meiryō de wa arimasen meiryō ja arimasen
Formal past	明瞭でした	めいりょうでした	meiryō deshita
Formal negative past	明瞭ではありませんでした明瞭じゃありませんでした	めいりょうではありませんでしためいりょうじゃありませんでした	meiryō de wa arimasen deshita meiryō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	明瞭で	めいりょうで	meiryō de
Conditional	明瞭なら（ば）	めいりょうなら（ば）	meiryō nara (ba)
Provisional	明瞭だったら	めいりょうだったら	meiryō dattara
Volitional	明瞭だろう	めいりょうだろう	meiryō darō
Adverbial	明瞭に	めいりょうに	meiryō ni
Degree	明瞭さ	めいりょうさ	meiryōsa

Antonyms

曖昧(あいまい) (aimai, “ambiguous, obscure”)

Noun

明(めい)瞭(りょう) • (meiryō) ^{←めいれう (meireu)^?}

clarity, apparency

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Root

明瞭 • (myeongnyo) (hangeul 명료)

hanja form^? of 명료

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]