春日

Chinese

spring (time); gay; joyful
spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life
 
day; sun; date
day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)
 
simp. and trad.
(春日) 		春 日

Etymology

“Kasuga”
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 春日 (Kasuga).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 春 日
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 昌 (24) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 諄 (47) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 昌脣切 人質切
Baxter tsyhwin nyit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ /ȵiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕʰʷin/ /ȵit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕʰjuen/ /ȵʑjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cʰwin/ /ȵit̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ /ȵiĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ /ȵʑĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ /ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chūn rì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ceon1 jat6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 春 日
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chūn rì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyhwin › ‹ nyit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰun/ /*C.nik/
English springtime sun; day

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 春 日
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12573 10845
Phonetic
component 		屯 日
Rime
group 		文 質
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		春 日
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰjun/ /*njiɡ/
Notes 說文從艸從日屯聲，
實屯繁化轉註字

Noun

春日

  1. (literary) spring; spring days
  2. (Classical) spring sun

Derived terms

  • 春日遲遲 / 春日迟迟

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (春日):
  • → Japanese: 春日(しゅんじつ) (shunjitsu)
  • → Korean: 춘일(春日) (chunil)

Proper noun

春日

  1. (～鄉) Chunri (a mountain indigenous township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)
  2. (～市) Kasuga (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
春 日
しゅん
Grade: 2 		じつ
Grade: 1
kan'on

From Middle Chinese compound 春日 (MC tsyhwin nyit).

Compare Min Nan 春日 (chhun-ji̍t).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) しゅんじつ [shùńjítsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕɨ̃ɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨ]

Noun

春(しゅん)日(じつ) • (shunjitsu) 

  1. the spring sun; a day in springtime
Derived terms
  • 春日(しゅんじつ)遅遅(ちち), 春日(しゅんじつ)遅々(ちち) (shunjitsu chichi, “serene spring day”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
春 日
はる
Grade: 2 		ひ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Kanji in this term
春 日
はる
Grade: 2 		ひ > び
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Compound of 春 (haru, “spring, springtime”) +‎ 日 (hi, “sun, sunlight, daylight, day”).

Sometimes pronounced with rendaku (連濁), as harubi.[2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) はるひ [hàrúhí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ɾɯ̟çi]

Noun

春(はる)日(ひ) or 春(はる)日(び) • (haruhi or harubi) 

  1. (archaic) the spring sun; a day in springtime
    • c. 1005–07, Shūi Wakashū (book 1, poem 57)
      ちりぬべき花(はな)見(み)る時(とき)はすがのねのながきはる日(ひ)もみじかかりける
      chirinu beki hana miru toki wa suga no ne no nagaki haruhi mo mijikakarikeru
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Proper noun

春(はる)日(ひ) • (Haruhi) 

  1. a placename, especially within Kiyosu city in northwestern Aichi Prefecture
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
春 日
かすが
Grade: 2 Grade: 1
jukujikun

From Old Japanese. The kanji spelling comes from the pillow word 春日(はるひ) (haruhi) used to introduce the place name Kasuga.[1] The original meaning of kasuga is debated but is thought to be either 霞処(かすみが) (kasumi ga) "hazy place" or 神住処(かすか) (ka su ka) "deity's dwelling place".

Compare 飛鳥 (Asuka).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ka̠sɨɡa̠]

Proper noun

春日(かすが) • (Kasuga) 

  1. a placename, especially:
    1. short for 春日市 (Kasuga-shi): a city in Fukuoka Prefecture
    2. an ancient placename in the vicinity that is today part of city of Nara in Nara Prefecture; site of 春日大社 (Kasuga-taisha, “Kasuga Grand Shrine”)
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name
Derived terms
  • 春日(かすが)井(い) (Kasugai)
  • 春日(かすが)形(がた) (Kasuga-gata)
  • 春日(かすが)権現(ごんげん) (Kasuga Gongen)
  • 春日(かすが)市(‐し) (Kasuga‐shi)
  • 春日(かすが)杉(すぎ) (Kasuga Sugi)
  • 春日(かすが)大社(たいしゃ) (Kasuga-taisha)
  • 春日(かすが)造(づく)り (Kasuga-zukuri)
  • 春日(かすが)灯籠(どうろう) (Kasuga-dōrō)
  • 春日(かすが)通(どお)り (Kasuga-dōri)
  • 春日(かすが)鳥(どり)居(い) (Kasuga-dorī)
  • 春日(かすが)版(ばん) (Kasuga-ban)
  • 春日(かすが)信仰(しんこう) (Kasuga Shinkō)
  • 春日(かすが)大(だい)明神(みょうじん) (Kasuga Daimyōjin)
  • 春日(かすが)野(の) (Kasugano)
  • 春日(かすが)の神木(しんぼく) (Kasuga no Shinboku)
  • 春日(かすが)の使(つかい) (Kasuga no Tsukai)
  • 春日(かすが)藤織(ふじおり) (Kasuga fujiori)
  • 春日(かすが)盆(ぼん) (Kasuga-bon)
  • 春日(かすが)舞(まい) (Kasuga-mai)
  • カスガマイシン (kasugamaishin, “kasugamycin”)
  • 春日(かすが)祭(まつり) (Kasuga Matsuri)
  • 春日(かすが)曼荼羅(まんだら) (Kasuga Mandara)
  • 春日(かすが)明神(みょうじん) (Kasuga Myōjin)
  • 春日(かすが)山(やま) (Kasuga-yama)
  • 春日(かすが)竜神(りゅうじん) (Kasuga Ryūjin)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
春 日
Grade: 2 Grade: 1
irregular

Other various nanori readings.

Proper noun

春日(かすか) • (Kasuka) 

  1. a surname

Proper noun

春日(かずか) • (Kazuka) 

  1. a placename

Proper noun

春日(しゅんにち) • (Shunnichi) 

  1. a surname

Proper noun

春日(はるか) • (Haruka) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Proper noun

春日(はるま) • (Haruma) 

  1. a surname

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

From 春 (paru, “spring, springtime”) +‎ 日 (pi1, “sun, sunlight, daylight, day”).

Noun

春日 (parupi1) (kana はるひ)

  1. the spring sun; a day in springtime
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 846:
      , text here
      可須美多都那我岐波流卑乎可謝勢例杼伊野那都可子岐烏梅能波那可毛
      kasumi1 tatu nagaki1 parupi1 wo kazaseredo2 iya natukasiki1 ume2 no2 pana ka mo
      Through the long spring day, hazy with its rising mist, we keep our brows decked with blossoms of the plum, but only grow the fonder.[1]
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 19, poem 4292:
      , text here
      宇良宇良爾照流春日爾比婆理安我里情悲毛比登里志於母倍婆
      uraura ni tereru parupi1 ni pi1bari agari ko2ko2ro2 kanasi mo pi1to2ri si omope2ba
      Into the soft light of a tranquil day in spring a lark rises high―leaving my heart saddened as I muse on all alone.[2]
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:春日.
  2. a misty day (or sun) in spring, allusion to 春日 (Kasuga, a placename, see below)
    • 720, Nihon Shoki, poem 94:
      謂須能箇瀰賦屡鳴須擬底擧慕摩矩羅柁箇播志須擬慕能娑播爾於褒野該須擬播屡比箇須我鳴須擬逗摩御慕屡鳴佐褒鳴須擬...
      Isuno2kami1[sic] Puru wo sugi2te ko2momakura Takapasi sugi2 mono2sapa ni Opoyake2 sugi2 parupi1 Kasuga wo sugi2 tuma-go2moru Wosapo wo sugi2...
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:春日.

Derived terms
  • 春日の (parupi1 no2, pillow word)
  • 春日を (parupi1 wo, pillow word)
Descendants
  • Japanese: 春日 (haruhi, harubi)

Etymology 2

Compare 明日香 (Asuka), from pillow word 飛ぶ鳥の (to2bu to2ri no2).

Proper noun

春日 (Kasuga) (kana かすが)

  1. a placename in the vicinity that is today part of the city of Nara in Nara Prefecture
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 407:
      , text here
      千磐破神之社四無有世伐春日之野邊粟種益乎
      tipayaburu kami2 no2 yasiro2 si nakariseba Kasuga-no2-no1pe1 ni apa makamasi wo
      Thousand-rock-smashing, a fierce deity abides in the godly shrine: but for her I'd be well pleased to sow our millet in Kasuga fields.[3]
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:春日.
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:春日.

Derived terms
  • 春日野 (Kasuga-no1)
  • 春日山 (Kasuga-yama)
Descendants
See also

References

  1. ^ Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 548
  2. ^ Steven D. Carter (1991) Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 70
  3. ^ Minoru Sonoda (2013) “Shinto and the natural environment”, in John Breen, Mark Teeuwen, editors, Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami (Routledge Studies in Asian Religion), Routledge, →ISBN
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