飛鳥

See also: 飞鸟

Chinese

	to fly	bird
trad. (飛鳥)	飛	鳥
simp. (飞鸟)	飞	鸟
alternative forms	蜚鳥／蜚鸟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fēiniǎo

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄟㄋㄧㄠˇ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): финё (fini͡o, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): fei¹ niu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fî-niâu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pe-chiáu / poe-chiáu / hui-niáu

(Teochew, Peng'im): buê¹ ziao²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēiniǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄟㄋㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: feiniǎo
  - Wade–Giles: fei¹-niao³
  - Yale: fēi-nyǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feineau
  - Palladius: фэйняо (fɛjnjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /feɪ̯⁵⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (飛鳥兒 / 飞鸟儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēiniǎor
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄟㄋㄧㄠˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: feiniǎor
  - Wade–Giles: fei¹-niao³-ʼrh
  - Yale: fēi-nyǎur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feineaul
  - Palladius: фэйняор (fɛjnjaor)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /feɪ̯⁵⁵ ni̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: финё (fini͡o, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fi²⁴ niɔː⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fei¹ niu⁵
  - Yale: fēi níuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fei¹ niu⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: féi¹ niu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fei̯⁵⁵ niːu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fî-niâu
  - Hakka Romanization System: fi^ˊ niau^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fi¹ niau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fi²⁴⁻¹¹ ni̯au̯²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe-chiáu
  - Tâi-lô: pe-tsiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peciao
  - IPA (Taipei): /pe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poe-chiáu
  - Tâi-lô: pue-tsiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poeciao
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pue⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui-niáu
  - Tâi-lô: hui-niáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huiniao
  - IPA (Taipei): /hui⁴⁴⁻³³ niãu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui⁴⁴⁻³³ niãu⁴¹/

Note:

poe-chiáu/pe-chiáu - vernacular;
hui-niáu - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: buê¹ ziao²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pue tsiáu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pue³³⁻²³ t͡siau⁵²/

Middle Chinese: pj+j tewX

Rime
Character	飛	鳥
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	微 (21)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	甫微切	都了切
Baxter	pj+j	tewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉi/	/teu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷɨi/	/teu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/piuəi/	/teu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puj/	/tɛw^X/
Li Rong	/piuəi/	/teu^X/
Wang Li	/pĭwəi/	/tieu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pwe̯i/	/tieu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēi	diǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fei¹	diu²

Noun

飛鳥

(flying) bird
- 1996, 《新標點和合本》 [Chinese Union Version Modern Punctuation], 聯合聖經公會, 路加福音 [Luke] 12:24:
  
  你想烏鴉，也不種也不收，又沒有倉又沒有庫，神尚且養活牠。你們比飛鳥是何等地貴重呢！ [MSC, trad.]
  你想乌鸦，也不种也不收，又没有仓又没有库，神尚且养活它。你们比飞鸟是何等地贵重呢！ [MSC, simp.]
  Nǐ xiǎng wūyā, yě bù zhǒng yě bù shōu, yòu méiyǒu cāng yòu méiyǒu kù, Shén shàngqiě yǎnghuó tā. Nǐmen bǐ fēiniǎo shì héděng de guìzhòng ne! [Pinyin]
  Consider the ravens: they don’t sow, they don’t reap, they have no warehouse or barn, and God feeds them. How much more valuable are you than birds! [World English Bible]

Synonyms

飛禽／飞禽 (fēiqín)

Derived terms

飛鳥使 / 飞鸟使
飛鳥依人 / 飞鸟依人
飛鳥時代 / 飞鸟时代
飛鳥盡，良弓藏 / 飞鸟尽，良弓藏
鸚鵡能言，不離飛鳥 / 鹦鹉能言，不离飞鸟

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (飛鳥):

→ Japanese: 飛(ひ)鳥(ちょう) (hichō)
→ Korean: 비조(飛鳥) (bijo)
→ Vietnamese: phi điểu (飛鳥)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
飛	鳥
ひ Grade: 4	ちょう Grade: 2
on'yomi

/pʷi teu/ → /fit͡ɕeu/ → /hit͡ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese compound 飛鳥 (MC pj+j tewX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひちょー [hìchóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [çit͡ɕo̞ː]

Noun

飛(ひ)鳥(ちょう) • (hichō) ^{←ひてう (fiteu)^?}

a flying bird
Synonym: 飛禽 (hikin)

Proverbs

飛鳥(ひちょう)尽(つ)きて良弓(りょうきゅう)蔵(かく)る (hichō tsukite ryōkyū kakuru)
飛鳥(ひちょう)の摯(う)つや其(そ)の首(くび)を俛(ふ)す (hichō no utsu ya sono kubi o fusu)
鸚鵡(おうむ)よく言(い)えども飛鳥(ひちょう)を離(はな)れず (ōmu yoku iedomo hichō o hanarezu)

Proper noun

飛(ひ)鳥(ちょう) • (Hichō) ^{←ひてう (Fiteu)^?}

a surname
a male or female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
飛	鳥
と(ぶ) Grade: 4	とり Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Nominalization of 飛ぶ鳥 (tobu tori, “flying bird”).

Proper noun

飛(とぶ)鳥(とり) • (Tobutori)

a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
飛	鳥
あすか
Grade: 4	Grade: 2
jukujikun

Alternative spelling
明日香

From Old Japanese.

Asuka was associated with "flying bird" by Emperor Tenmu for several events of spotting auspicious "red birds" (called 朱雀 or 臘子鳥 in Nihon Shoki) in Asuka during his reign (673–686). Starting from about 689, pillow word 飛鳥 (tobu tori no, “... of flying birds”) began to allude to Asuka, and became an interchangeable kanji spelling of it.^[2]

Compare 春日 (Kasuga).

Proper noun

飛鳥(あすか) • (Asuka)

a place name, especially the name of a village in Nara Prefecture
a surname
a male or female given name

Derived terms

飛鳥(あすか)井(い) (Asukai)
飛鳥(あすか)川(がわ) (Asuka-gawa)
飛鳥(あすか)時代(じだい) (Asuka jidai)
飛鳥(あすか)大仏(だいぶつ) (Asuka Daibutsu)
飛鳥(あすか)寺(でら) (Asuka-dera)
飛鳥(あすか)鍋(なべ) (Asuka nabe)
飛鳥(あすかの)京(みやこ) (Asuka no Miyako)
飛鳥(あすか)仏(ぶつ) (Asuka butsu)
飛鳥(あすか)文化(ぶんか) (Asuka bunka)
飛鳥(あすか)部(べ) (Asukabe)
飛鳥(あすか)山(やま) (Asuka-yama)
河内(かわち)飛鳥(あすか) (Kawachi-Asuka)
近(ちか)つ飛鳥(あすか) (Chika-tsu-Asuka)
遠(とお)つ飛鳥(あすか) (Tō-tsu-Asuka)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 精選版日本国語大辞典「飛鳥の」の意味・読み・例文・類語

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[2] 精選版日本国語大辞典「飛鳥の」の意味・読み・例文・類語

[1]

[2]